Pashayi languages


Pashayi is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken by the Pashayi people in parts of the Kapisa, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, and Kabul provinces in northeastern Afghanistan.
The Pashayi languages had no known written form prior to 2003. There are four mutually unintelligible varieties, with only about a 30% lexical similarity:
  • Northeastern: Aret, Chalas, Kandak, Korangal, Kurdar dialects
  • Northwestern: Alasai, Bolaghain, Gulbahar, Kohnadeh, Laurowan, Najil, Nangarach, Pachagan, Pandau, Parazhghan, Pashagar, Sanjan, Shamakot, Shutul, Uzbin, Wadau dialects
  • Southeastern: Damench, Laghmani, Sum, Upper and Lower Darai Nur, Wegali dialects
  • Southwestern: Ishpi, Isken, Tagau dialects
A grammar of the language was written as a doctoral dissertation in 2014.

Phonology

Consonants

  • is only phonemic in the Amla dialect.
  • Sounds and can also occur, but only in loanwords and among Dari speakers.
  • is more commonly heard among older speakers, but is lost among younger speakers, and is heard as a postalveolar .
  • is more commonly heard among older speakers, but is lost among younger speakers, and is heard as a postalveolar .
  • /ʋ/ is heard before front vowels /i e/. When occurring before or after central or back vowels /a u o/, it is heard as .
  • According to Masica some dialects have a //.

    Vowels

  • Only mid or low vowels have lengthened equivalents.
  • /e/ can be heard as and /a/ can be heard as or , in certain environments.