Parodia


Parodia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to the eastern slopes of the Andes in northwestern Argentina and southwestern Bolivia and in the lowland pampas regions of northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and Uruguay. This genus has about 65 species, many of which have been transferred from Eriocactus, Notocactus and Wigginsia. They range from small globose plants to tall columnar cacti. All are deeply ribbed and spiny, with single flowers at or near the crown. Some species produce offsets at the base. They are popular in cultivation, but must be grown indoors where temperatures fall below.

Taxonomy and systematics

The first description was published in 1923 by the Italian-Argentinian botanist Carlos Luis Spegazzini. The genus is named after Domingo Parodi, one of the early investigators of the flora of Paraguay. The type species is Echinocactus microspermus. Anatomical and morphological work by David Richard Hunt et. al. and Reto Nyffeler led to the incorporation of the genera Brasilicactus, Brasiliparodia, Eriocactus, Notocactus and Wigginsia into the genus Parodia. These studies also suggested the inclusion of the genera Blossfeldia and Frailea.
According to Reto Nyffeler, the genus Parodia can be divided into three subgenera:
  • Subgenus Parodia:
  • *Group Parodia:
The shoots are flat spherical, globular or columnar and rarely sprout. A tuber is rarely present. The shoot tissue usually contains no mucilage, the epidermis is usually tender. The areoles are always on the protuberances. The central and radial spines differ significantly from each other. The central spine is sometimes hooked. The flowers are funnel-shaped, styles and stigmas are always the same color. The soft fruits later dry up and open at their base.
  • *Group Notocactus:
The shoots are flat spherical, globular or columnar and occasionally sprout. A tuber is sometimes present. The shoot tissue usually contains mucus, the epidermis is often hard. The areoles are located in the depressions between the bumps. The central and radial spines differ. The flowers are broadly funnel-shaped to bell-shaped, styles and stigmas are usually differently colored. The fruits, which are often elongated when ripe, open differently.
  • Subgenus Eriocactus:
The shoots are often long columnar in old age and occasionally sprout. The shoot apex is often crooked. The instinctual tissue contains no mucus. The humps are fused into straight ribs. The areoles are located between the protuberances. They are not sunken or only vaguely sunken and are often heavily woolly. The thorns are more or less bristle-like. The light to dark yellow flowers are broadly bell-shaped, styles and stigmas are the same color. The fruits have a hard pericarp and open at the base.

Species

Species of the genus Parodia according to Plants of [the World Online] separated into sections according to Reto Nyffeler:
SubgenusSectionImageScientific nameDistribution
ParodiaParodiaParodia aureicentra Backeb.Argentina
ParodiaParodiaParodia ayopayana CárdenasBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia chrysacanthion Backeb.Argentina
ParodiaParodiaParodia columnaris CárdenasBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia comarapana CárdenasBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia diersiana JuckerBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia commutans F.RitterBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia formosa F.RitterBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia gibbulosoides F.H.BrandtBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia hausteiniana RauschBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia hegeri Diers, Krahn & BeckertBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia horrida F.H.BrandtArgentina
ParodiaParodiaParodia larapuntensis Diers & JuckerBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia maassii A.BergerBolivia to Argentina
ParodiaParodiaParodia mairanana CárdenasBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia microsperma Speg.Bolivia to NW. Argentina
ParodiaParodiaParodia nivosa Backeb.Argentina
ParodiaParodiaParodia ocampoi CárdenasBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia otaviana CárdenasBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia prestoensis F.H.BrandtBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia procera F.RitterBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia ritteri BuiningBolivia.
ParodiaParodiaParodia schwebsiana Backeb.Bolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia stuemeri Backeb.Argentina
ParodiaParodiaParodia subterranea F.RitterBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia taratensis CárdenasBolivia
ParodiaParodiaParodia tuberculata CárdenasBolivia.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia allosiphon N.P.TaylorBrazil to Uruguay
ParodiaNotocactusParodia buiningii N.P.TaylorBrazil to Uruguay
ParodiaNotocactusParodia calvescens Anceschi & MagliBrazil to Argentina
ParodiaNotocactusParodia claviceps F.H.BrandtBrazil to Argentina.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia carambeiensis HofackerBrazil
ParodiaNotocactusParodia concinna N.P.TaylorBrazil to Uruguay
ParodiaNotocactusParodia crassigibba N.P.TaylorBrazil
ParodiaNotocactusParodia curvispina D.R.HuntBrazil
ParodiaNotocactusParodia erinaceus N.P.TaylorCentral Colombia, Brazil to NE. & S. Central Argentina
ParodiaNotocactusParodia × erubescens D.R.Hunt Uruguay
ParodiaNotocactusParodia fusca Hofacker & P.J.BraunS. Brazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia gaucha M.Machado & LaroccaBrazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia herteri N.P.TaylorBrazil to Uruguay.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia horstii N.P.TaylorBrazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia ibicuiensis Anceschi & MagliBrazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia langsdorfii D.R.HuntS. Brazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia linkii R.KieslingS. Brazil to NE. Argentina
ParodiaNotocactusParodia mammulosa N.P.TaylorBrazil to Argentina
ParodiaNotocactusParodia mueller-melchersii N.P.TaylorBrazil to Uruguay
ParodiaNotocactusParodia muricata HofackerS. Brazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia neoarechavaletae D.R.HuntUruguay.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia neobuenekeri Anceschi & MagliBrazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia neohorstii N.P.TaylorBrazil
ParodiaNotocactusParodia nothorauschii D.R.HuntUruguay
ParodiaNotocactusParodia ottonis N.P.TaylorS. Brazil to NE. Argentina.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia oxycostata HofackerBrazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia roseolutea Hofacker, A.S.Oliveira & R.PontesUruguay.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia scopa N.P.TaylorBrazil to Uruguay
ParodiaNotocactusParodia stockingeri Hofacker & P.J.BraunBrazil.
ParodiaNotocactusParodia tenuicylindrica D.R.HuntBrazil
ParodiaNotocactusParodia werdermanniana N.P.TaylorBrazil to Uruguay
Eriocactus F.H.BrandtParodia leninghausii F.H.Brandt ex Eggli & HofackerBrazil
Eriocactus F.H.BrandtParodia magnifica F.H.BrandtBrazil
Eriocactus F.H.BrandtParodia nigrispina F.H.BrandtParaguay
Eriocactus F.H.BrandtParodia schumanniana F.H.BrandtBrazil to Argentina
Eriocactus F.H.BrandtParodia warasii F.H.BrandtBrazil
Brasilicactus F.H.BrandtParodia alacriportana Backeb. & VollBrazil
Brasilicactus F.H.BrandtParodia haselbergii F.H.BrandtBrazil
Brasilicactus F.H.BrandtParodia rechensis F.H.BrandtBrazil
Brasilicactus F.H.Brandt----
Brasilicactus F.H.Brandt----

Synonyms