Parmelia skultii
Parmelia skultii is a species of terricolous and saxicolous foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Described from Alaska in 1987, this lichen is primarily a high-latitude species of the North Pacific–Arctic region, occurring from the Aleutian Islands through Alaska and across to Greenland, Svalbard, and Russia, with a disjunct population discovered in Montana's Bitterroot Range extending its range about 2,500 km southward. The species forms fragile rosette-shaped growths 6–10 cm across, typically growing among mosses or on rocks in windswept locations, and is distinguished by its broader with marginal pores, a white frosty coating that often develops with age, and its distinctive chemistry that includes norstictic acid—features that help separate it from the related Parmelia omphalodes.
Taxonomy
Parmelia skultii was described as a new species by Mason Hale in 1987. The epithet honors Henrik Skult, who had earlier drawn attention to a northern population within the Parmelia omphalodes complex that contained norstictic acid and differed consistently in morphology. Skult described this taxon, collected from the Northwest Territories, as the subspecies Parmelia omphalodes subsp. glacialis. Hale designated a holotype from the west wall of a pass at Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska. He separated P. skultii from typical P. omphalodes by its broader lobes with marginal pseudocyphellae and the frequent presence of a frosty coating, together with the distinctive chemistry. Hale also discussed Skult's arctic material, arguing that the combination of traits supports recognition at species rank.Description
The thallus of Parmelia skultii usually grows on soil among mosses or on rocks and is rather fragile, forming rosettes 6–10 cm across. Its are more or less linear and fairly short, 2–4 mm wide, crowded and overlapping, and often develop small secondary . The upper surface is plane, smooth to finely wrinkled, commonly becoming white- with age; the lobe margins bear pseudocyphellae that are more or less continuous but inconspicuous, and pseudocyphellae are rare. The lower surface is black and shiny with sparse to moderate rhizines that are simple to forked and 0.5–2 mm long. Apothecia do not occur in this species. Pycnidia are uncommon and produce cylindrical, rod-shaped conidia 6–8 μm long. The medullary chemistry includes atranorin and salazinic acid together with norstictic acid, often in amounts equal to or greater than salazinic; consalazinic, protolichesterinic, fumarprotocetraric, and stictic acids may be present in trace to minor amounts, along with a few unidentified substances.Habitat and distribution
Hale considered P. skultii a high-latitude species, especially near oceanic coasts. Records span the North Pacific–Arctic region from the Aleutian Islands east and north to Alaska and west to Novaya Zemlya. It grows on soil as well as on rock, consistent with the holotype habitat at Anaktuvuk Pass. In eastern North America, it occurs south to about 60° N. A disjunct occurrence of the lichen was found in Montana, extending the range about to the south of the nearest Alaskan sites. The disjunct record is from the Bitterroot Range, Ravalli County, at the upper Bear Creek Canyon overlook on a subalpine, windswept granitic knob at elevation, above a glaciated canyon; the area has a somewhat oceanic climate owing to Pacific influence across northern Idaho and northwest Montana. In Europe, P. skultii has been recorded fromGreenland, Russia, and Svalbard.