Parasemionotiformes


Parasemionotiformes is an extinct order of neopterygian ray-finned fish that existed globally during the Triassic period. It comprises the families Parasemionotidae and Promecosominidae. Many of the included genera are monotypic and most species lived during the Early Triassic epoch.
Parasemionotiforms were normally small to medium-sized fishes. They were predominantly marine.

Evolutionary relationships

Parasemionotiformes are neopterygians, which is the clade that encompasses the vast majority of living ray-finned fishes and about half of all living species of vertebrates. Neopterygii are divided into Teleostei and Holostei. The latter represents a depauperate group today but used to be a diverse clade especially during the Mesozoic Era. The only surviving members of the Holostei are the gars and the bowfin.
Parasemionotiformes belong to Holostei and are one of the earliest clades of the Halecomorphi. Parasemionotiformes are the sister group to all other halecomorphs according to cladistic analyses.
The following tree summarizes the evolutionary relationships of the Parasemionotiformes. Names accompanied by a dagger represent extinct groups.

Classification

  • Order Parasemionotiformes Lehman, 1966
  • * Family incertae sedis
  • ** Genus Peia Ji, 2009
  • *** Peia jurongensis Ji, 2009
  • * Family Parasemionotidae Stensiö, 1932
  • ** Genus Parasemionotus Piveteau, 1929
  • *** Parasemionotus labordei
  • *** Parasemionotus besairiei Lehman et al., 1959
  • ** Genus Ospia Stensiö, 1932
  • *** Ospia whitei Stensiö, 1932
  • ** Genus Broughia Stensiö, 1932
  • *** Broughia perleididoides Stensiö, 1932
  • ** Genus Watsonulus Brough, 1939
  • *** Watsonulus eugnathoides
  • ** Genus Stensionotus Lehman, 1952
  • *** Stensionotus intercessus Lehman, 1952
  • *** Stensionotus dongchangensis Liu et al., 2002
  • ** Genus Jacobulus Lehman, 1952
  • *** Jacobulus novus Lehman, 1952
  • ** Genus Thomasinotus Lehman, 1952
  • *** Thomasinotus divisus Lehman, 1952
  • ** Genus Albertonia Gardiner, 1966
  • *** Albertonia cupidinia
  • ** Genus Lehmanotus Beltan, 1968
  • *** Lehmanotus markubai Beltan, 1968
  • ** Genus Devillersia Beltan, 1968
  • *** Devillersia madagascariensis Beltan, 1968
  • ** Genus Piveteaunotus Beltan, 1968
  • *** Piveteaunotus ifasiensis Beltan, 1968
  • ** Genus Icarealcyon Beltan, 1980
  • *** Icarealcyon malagasium Beltan, 1980
  • ** Genus Jurongia Liu et al., 2002
  • *** Jurongia fusiformis Liu et al., 2002
  • ** Genus Qingshania Liu et al., 2002
  • *** Qingshania cercida Liu et al., 2002
  • ** Genus Suius Liu et al., 2002
  • *** Suius brevis Liu et al., 2002
  • ** Genus Candelarialepis Romano et al., 2019
  • *** Candelarialepis argentus Romano et al., 2019
  • * Family Promecosominidae Wade, 1940
  • ** Genus Promecosomina Wade, 1935
  • *** ''Promecosomina formosa ''