Panamanian balboa
The balboa is, along with the United States dollar, one of the official currencies of Panama. It is named in honor of the Spanish explorer and conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa. The balboa is subdivided into 100 centésimos.
History
The balboa replaced the Colombian peso in 1904 following the country's independence. The balboa has been tied to the United States dollar at an exchange rate of 1:1 since its introduction and has always circulated alongside dollars.Panama has never had an official central bank. The National Bank of Panama, one of two government-owned banks, was responsible for nonmonetary aspects of central banking in Panama, assisted by the National Banking Commission, which was created along with the country's International Financial Center, and was charged with licensing and supervising banks.
Coins
Obsolete
In 1904, silver coins in denominations of, 5, 10, 25, and 50 centésimos were introduced. These coins were weight-related to the 25 gram 50 centésimos, making the centésimos coin 1.25 grams. Its small size led to it being known as the "Panama pill" or the "Panama pearl". In 1907, copper-nickel, and centésimo coins were introduced, followed by copper-nickel 5 centésimo coins in 1929. In 1930, coins for,, and balboa were introduced, followed by 1 balboa in 1931, which were identical in size and composition to the corresponding U.S. coins. In 1935, bronze 1 centésimo coins were introduced, with centésimo pieces minted in 1940.In 1966, Panama followed the U.S. in changing the composition of their silver coins, with copper-nickel-clad and balboa, and.400 fineness balboa. One-balboa coins, at.900 fineness silver, were issued that year for the first time since 1947. In 1973, copper-nickel-clad balboa coins were introduced. 1973 also saw the revival of the centésimos coin, which had a size similar to that of the U.S. half dime, but these were discontinued two years later due to lack of popular demand. In 1983, 1 centésimo coins followed their U.S. counterpart by switching from copper to copper-plated zinc. Further issues of the 1 balboa coins have been made since 1982 in copper-nickel without reducing its size.
Modern 1, 5 centésimo,,, and balboa coins are the same weight, dimensions, and composition as the U.S. cent, nickel, dime, quarter, and half dollar, respectively. In 2011, new 1-balboa bimetallic coins were issued that are the same dimensions as the U.S. dollar coin.
In addition to circulating issues, commemorative coins in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 500 balboas have also been issued. At the time the.925 fineness sterling silver 20 balboa coin honoring Simón Bolívar was introduced in 1971, it was the largest legal tender silver coin in the world, with a 61 mm diameter and containing 3.85 ozt silver.
Banknotes
In 1941, President Arnulfo Arias pushed the government to enact Article 156 to the constitution, authorizing official and private banks to issue paper money. As a result, on 30 September 1941, El Banco Central de Emisión de la República de Panamá was established. Arias was deposed in a coup in October and the new banknotes were withdrawn and most destroyed.U.S. banknotes are legal tender in Panama as the main form of cash in the country.