Palianytsia
Palianytsia is a type of Ukrainian hearth-baked bread, made mostly of wheat flour in a home oven. The yeast hearth bread has a semi-circle cut across the top third of the loaf.Etymology
The word comes from, meaning "to burn" or "to smoke". This is because, when baking the bread, the raised crust can sometimes be burned. Another version is based on the assumption that polianytsia is a traditional bread produced by the Polans an early medieval tribe of Eastern Slavs.
Folklorist, ethnographer, and linguist proposes that the word comes from the, which referred to round cakes offered to the gods.Recipe
Traditional palianytsia was baked from a dough made with hops, year or sourdough, wheat flour and salt and baked.
According to GOST 12793-77, the bakeries of the USSR produced a standardized "Ukrainian palianytsia" baked in molds. It had a mass of 750 g to 1 kg, with a lateral cut of 3/4 of a circle.Symbolism
In Christianity, palianytsia, like bread in general, symbolizes happiness and can represent well-being, the body of God, affection, hospitality and security. Palianytsia can also be interpreted as a symbol of the sun.Other uses
The word palianytsia is used as an important shibboleth test in the Ukrainian language, to identify people not well-versed in the Ukrainian phonology. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the word was often used to identify Russian soldiers or saboteurs, some of whom, when captured, claimed to be Ukrainians. Instead of pronouncing паляниця as, Russian speakers would often mispronounce the stressed Ukrainian letter и, which represents the non-palatal vowel /ɪ/, as palatal /i/, which is represented instead by Ukrainian і ; they also often mispronounce the first unstressed я as and the second unstressed я - after the letter ц - as . Thus the result is, sounding as if it were spelt пальиніца or палініца with Ukrainian letters.