Packaged metering manhole
Packaged metering manholes are an outgrowth of the fiberglass manholes developed in the 1960s. Packaged metering manhole factories integrate a primary device into a fiberglass manhole.
The result is a lightweight, single-piece, corrosion resistant structure from which an operator can measure piped flows, take composite samples, and perform water quality parameter monitoring.
Benefits
Manufacturers of packaged metering manholes cite the following benefits:- Wide choice of primary device types and sizes
- Watertight
- Factory integration of the primary device
- Corrosion resistance
- Lightweight construction
- Reduced inspection, maintenance, and rehabilitation costs
- Single source responsibility
Limitations
The nature of the construction of packaged metering manholes brings a number of limitations not commonly found with pre-cast concrete structures. These include:- Higher initial cost
- Need for a pre-cast concrete base
- Lack of installer familiarity
- Lower sustainable operating temperatures
Components
At its simplest, a packaged metering manhole consists of:- Fiberglass manhole barrel
- Top
- Primary device
- Integral base
Manhole barrel
The fiberglass barrels used in the production of packaged metering manholes are, almost exclusively in North America, required to meet the standards set for in ASTM D 3753: Standard Specification for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes and Wetwells. The standard defines minimum performance criteria, quality control, chemical resistance, and materials of construction.Typical manhole barrel thickness is thick. Thickness is assumed to be solid barrels only. For manhole barrels with ribbing laminated to the exterior of the barrel, the barrel thickness is allowed to be thinner than otherwise would be allowed under ASTM D 3753. The typical breakpoint between solid and ribbed barrels occurs at the diameter. Barrels with a diameter less than this usually have solid walls, and those with a greater diameter have exterior ribbing.
Top
Since their introduction, a variety of different top styles have been developed for packaged metering manholes. The most common of these are:- Domed fiberglass
- Pedestrian hatches
- Traffic reducers
Primary device
When used to measure open channel flows, packaged metering manholes most commonly integrate a flume or weir. Parshall flumes are most commonly integrated, followed by Palmer-Bowlus flumes, although Cutthroat, Montana, Trapezoidal, and H Type flumes can also be integrated. Weirs are less commonly integrated due to their poor solids handling characteristics as well as the inability to develop a sufficiently large upstream .For piped flow applications, several manufacturers offer magnetic flow meters factory integrated into a packaged metering manhole structure.
Base
In order to form a watertight unit, a packaged metering manhole is provided with a solid fiberglass base at the bottom of the manhole barrel. The base can serve not only as the bottom of the manhole, but also as a means of anchoring the manhole to a concrete slab.Cost
For primary devices where the device can be molded into the manhole barrel, the unit cost of a precast manhole is lower than that of a packaged metering manhole.Larger primary devices that do not readily fit into a standard precast manhole barrel, either a larger barrel or a concrete vault must be used which adds cost. Packaged metering manholes, on the other hand, can integrate primary devices that are larger than the manhole barrel – with any portion that doesn't fit inside the manhole barrel extending upstream or downstream as necessary. Those portion that extend upstream / downstream of the barrel are manufactured with integral covers and laminated into the manhole structure. It is this ability to incorporate primary devices larger than the manhole barrel allows packaged metering manholes to be equally if not less expensive than a precast manhole or vault.
Packaged metering manholes can run from $5,195 to $29,100, with the industry standard 4 foot diameter, 7 foot deep, domed top packaged metering manhole deep integrating a 3-inch Parshall flume having a cost of $10,565.
Manufacturers
Packaged metering manholes are most prevalent in the United States. As such, the majority of manufacturers are located there. While there are a number of resellers, there are several primary manufacturers of packaged metering manholes in North America. These are, Plasti-Fab, Inc.,, and Warminster Fiberglass, Inc.Internationally,, located in New Zealand, also manufactures packaged metering manholes for Oceania. The primary limitation to the wider distribution and use of packaged metering manholes is the high cost of shipping the units overseas.