Oxalobacter
Oxalobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family. Members of this genus are chemoorganotrophs, using oxalate as their primary carbon and energy source. The genus was first described in 1985 with the discovery of Oxalobacter formigenes.
The genus is best known for its role in the human gastrointestinal tract, where it may contribute to oxalate homeostasis and influence the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.
Morphology and Physiology
All described Oxalobacter species are Gram-negative and strictly anaerobic. Although generally rod-shaped, slight morphological variability may be observed between species. Members of the Oxalobacter genus do not form spores and are non-motile.These bacteria grow optimally in anaerobic environments using oxalate as their main carbon and energy source. Acetate and bicarbonate are used as co-substrates for optimal growth. The end products of oxalate metabolism are formate and carbon dioxide, via oxalyl-CoA decarboxylation.