Osprioneides
Osprioneides is an ichnogenus of unbranched, elongate borings in lithic substrate with oval cross−section, single−entrance and straight, curved or irregular course. Osprioneides kampto Beuck and Wisshak, 2008 is the largest known Palaeozoic boring trace. It occurs in the Ordovician and Silurian of Baltica. The borings are up to 120 mm long measuring 5–17 mm in diameter. The distribution of Osprioneides is more environmentally limited than that of Trypanites in the Silurian of Saaremaa, Estonia. Osprioneides probably occurred only in large hard substrates of relatively deepwater muddy bottom open shelf environments. Osprioneides were relatively rare, as compared to Trypanites-''Palaeosabella'' borings in the Wenlock of Saaremaa.