Optymistychna Cave
Optymistychna Cave formerly known as Peshchera Optimistitscheskaya, is a gypsum cave located near the Ukrainian village of Korolivka, [Borshchiv urban hromada, Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast|Korolivka], Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast. Approximately of passageways have been mapped within. As a result, it is the longest cave in Europe and the seventh-longest cave in the world. It is also the longest gypsum cave in the world.
History
The cave complex was discovered by members of the Lviv speleological club Cyclope in 1966. It was entirely unknown before then. There have been more than 50 expeditions since its discovery, but exploration has slowed significantly in recent years, and very little surveying is currently being done. The cave is located very close to Priest's Grotto, the eleventh-longest cave in the world, but the two caves have not yet been found to be connected.In 2008, the cave was recognized as a Seven [Natural Wonders of Ukraine|Natural Wonder of Ukraine].
Geology
The entire cave lies under a area in a layer of Neogene period gypsum that is less than thick. The passages tend to be fairly small, no more than wide and tall, although at intersections they can be up to tall. They are often choked with mud. They comprise a dense network on several levels, making Optymistychna known as a "maze cave".Optymistychna's gypsum bed is topped with a limestone layer, which has seeped through into the cave via erosion and formed into calcite speleothems. At other places, the gypsum has formed crystals, often tinted a multitude of colors by mineral salts. In some areas, large gypsum rosettes have formed, colored black by manganese oxide.