Sophistical Refutations
Sophistical Refutations is a text in Aristotle's Organon in which he identified twelve or thirteen fallacies. According to Aristotle, this is the first work to treat the subject of deductive reasoning in ancient Greece. In it, he attempts to develop a pattern of sound and genuine reasoning in opposition to the deceptive or misleading "art of sophistry".
Overview
On Sophistical Refutations consists of 34 chapters. The book naturally falls in two parts: chapters concerned with tactics for the Questioner and chapters concerned with tactics for the Answerer. Besides, there is an introduction, an interlude, and a conclusion.Fallacies identified
The fallacies Aristotle identifies in Chapter 4 and 5 of this book are the following:- Equivocation
- Amphiboly
- Composition
- Division
- Accent
- Figure of speech or form of expression