Chinantec of Ojitlán

Ojitlán Chinantec is a major Chinantecan language of Mexico, spoken in four towns in San Lucas Ojitlán of northern Oaxaca, and in the Veracruz municipos of Minatitlán and Hidalgotitlán.

Phonology

Vowels

There are only a few monomorphemic words that display contrastive vowel length, so this Chinantecan feature may be being lost from Ojitlán.
are freely realized as. is occasionally.
and are difficult to distinguish, but there are a few minimal pairs.
Each vowel can be nasalized. and are rare.

Consonants

is uncommon.
Some consonants are nearly in complementary distribution:

only occurs before, whereas rarely occurs before. Post-pausa may be realized as or, whereas intervocalic is nearly always.
occurs before front vowels and, whereas occurs before back vowels and.

is occasionally a single-contract trill, and post-pausa may be.
is apical alveolar.
and are before.
The voiceless sonorants are analyzed as sequences in other Chinantecan languages, and in addition there is a series of sequences in Ojitlán. The Ojitlán retroflex lateral corresponds to in other Chinantec, and that is perhaps how it should be analyzed in Ojitlán as well.

Tones

Syllables may be unstressed or have normal stress. Normal stress involves increased length and amplitude of the vowel. What was historically ballistic stress is realized in Ojitlán as extra-high and extra-low tones, and tend to involve aspiration of the consonant, breathiness of the vowel and a sharp falling pitch but not the other correlates of Chinantecan ballistic syllables. There are also a number of phonemic contour tones, though the number had not been established as of Macaulay.

Tone	Example	Translation	Phonetic realization
Extra high	a̋ʔ	cricket	sharp falling contour
High	óʔ	broken	slight rising-falling contour
Mid	ɤ̄ʔ	measles	slight falling contour
Low	à	many	slight rising-falling contour
Extra low	ɯ̏ʔ	when	sharp falling contour
Low rising	kĩ́ʔo᷅ʔ	door	-
Mid rising	he᷄ːŋã̄	forest	-
High falling	ʔnã᷇	open	-
Mid falling	tʃi᷆ː	good	-

Writing system

Several spellings of Chinantec of Ojitlán have been developed. The Institute National for Adult Education and SIL International use different spellings.
In the spelling of INEA, the high tone is indicated using the acute accent of the letter of the vowel, the medium tone by the absence of a diacritic above or below it, the low tone using the underlined line, and the very low tone using the double underlined line. This spelling uses seven letters for the vowels:.

a	b	ch	e	ɇ	i	j	k	l	m	n	n
ng	ñ	o	p	r	s	t	ts	u	w	y