Nuribotoke
The Nuribotoke is a yōkai found in Japanese yōkai emaki such as the Hyakkai Zukan by Sawaki Suushi. They are also depicted in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Toriyama Sekien.
They are depicted as an animated corpse with darkened skin and dangling eyeballs. Their name literally means "Lacquered Buddha" which references their black lacquered color and their resemblance to Buddha, although the term for Buddha can also be used to mean any deceased spirit. It has also sometimes been referred to as Kurobō. They are often portrayed with largely bloated stomachs and appear often as a Buddhist priest.
Concept
They have the appearance of a black bonze and they are depicted with both eyeballs out of their sockets and hanging down. None of the documents have any explanatory text, so it is unknown what kind of yōkai they were intending to depict.In the emakimono and e-sugoroku of the Edo Period, such as the Jikkai Sugoroku, they are written as ぬりぼとけ or ぬり仏, and they are depicted with what appears to be long black hair on their backs. There are also examples such as in the Hyakkai Zukan where they are depicted with what appears to be a fish's tail on their backs. In the Gyōsai Hyakki Gadan by Kawanabe Kyōsai, there was a yōkai that was unnamed but had the same appearance as the "nuribotoke" of emakimono, with both eyeballs out the eyesockets.
In the Hyakki Yagyō Emaki, they are depicted under the name of kurobō. They have the same appearance as the "nuribotoke" of the emakimono and e-sugoroku, with both eyes out of their eye sockets. In this emaki, the korobō appears as the very first of the yōkai.
According to the Edo Period writing Kiyū Shōran, it can be seen that one of the yōkai that it notes is depicted in the Bakemono E drawn by Kōhōgen Motonobu is one by the name of "nurihotoke."
In the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Sekien Toriyama, it is depicted appearing out from a butsudan. Among all the pictures of the nuribotoke, only the one in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Sekien Toriyama depicts it with a butsudan.
They are often depicted with a long, black appendage coming from their back, which is generally drawn as a catfish's tail, but is sometimes drawn as long black hair, especially in Edo period portrayals. They are believed to appear from butsudan that have either been left open overnight or have been poorly maintained. Often, they appear as a deceased family member in order to scare the family. However, as evidenced by the catfish tail, it may be that the corpse is controlled by another being or be a yōkai in disguise. Sometimes it will appear as a Buddhist priest and act as a messenger of the Buddha but give out false prophecies to fool worshipers. According to some stories, it may appear simply to maintain a butsudan that is in disrepair. It is also believed to dance often, especially during the demons' night parade.