Northampton Sand Formation
The Northampton Sand Formation, sometimes called the Northamptonshire Sand, is a geological formation in England dating to the Aalenian stage of the early Middle Jurassic which is placed within the Inferior Oolite Group. It was formerly worked extensively in Northamptonshire for its ironstone.
The Northampton Sand Formation constitutes the lowest formation of Inferior Oolite Group in the Midlands and lies upon Whitby Mudstone Formation, the uppermost unit of the underlying Lias Group. It attains a maximum thickness of up to to the north and west of Northampton where it lies in a subterranean basin. In the south, it fades out around Towcester. Northward from the edge of the basin in the upper Lias, under Northampton, it underlies the Bajocian aged Lincolnshire Limestone Formation. A little to the north of Corby Glen it is at about from the surface. It fades out under north Lincolnshire as the strata rise towards the Market Weighton Axis.
The formation predominantly consists of sandy ironstone, which when freshly exposed is greenish-grey in colour, which weathers to limonitic brown sandstone. It formed in an extensive, shallow sea on the northwestern margin of the London-Brabant Massif.
Fossils found in the formation include remains of an indeterminate sauropod dinosaur known from fragments of the bones of the hip collected from near Harlestone in Northamptonshire and acquired by the Natural History Museum in London in 1916, and which were subject to a thin sectioning histology study published in Nature in 1981. A species of horseshoe crab, Mesolimulus woodwardi has been described based on a fossil found in the Northampton Sand in the vicinity of Great Doddington near Wellingborough.
The formation is a significant emitter of radon gas, with a layer of relatively uranium rich phosphatic pebbles located in a 30 cm thick layer at the base of the formation being a particularly strong emitter, though significant levels of radon emanate from the whole of the formation.