North Vanuatu languages
The North Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in northern Vanuatu.
Languages
Clark (2009)
Clark provides the following classification of the North Vanuatu languages, divided into two main geographic areas. Outlier languages identified by Clark are in italics.The South Pentecost languages, Ske, Apma, and Saa, are also often classified as Central Vanuatu languages.
- North Vanuatu
- *Northern
- **Torres–Banks languages
- ***Torres Islands: Hiw, Lo-Toga
- ***Banks Islands: Lehali–Löyöp, Mwotlap–Volow, Lemerig–Vera’a, Vurës–Mwesen, Mota, Nume, Dorig–Koro–Olrat, Lakon, Mwerlap
- **Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost
- ***Maewo: Sun̄wadia, Sun̄wadaga, Baetora
- ***Ambae: Duidui, Northeast Ambae
- ***North Pentecost: Raga
- ***South Pentecost: Ske ; Apma, Sa
- *Espiritu Santo languages
- **Cape Cumberland ; Tolomako
- **Wusi, Akei–Tasiriki–Tangoa–Araki, Tiale–Merei, Kiai, “South-central Santo”, M̈av̈ea, Tutuba, Aore, Tamambo ; Mores
- **Southeast Santo, Shark Bay; ''Sakao''
François (2015)
The following list of 9 "Penama" North Vanuatu languages is from François. He also lists 17 Torres–Banks languages and 38 Espiritu Santo languages.| No. | Language | Other names | Speakers | ISO 639-3 | Region |
| 18 | Sungwadia | Marino, North Maewo | 500 | mrb | Maewo |
| 19 | Sungwadaga | Central Maewo | 1400 | mwo | Maewo |
| 20 | Baetora | South Maewo, Sungaloge | 1330 | btr | Maewo |
| 21 | East Ambae | Lolovoli, Aoba | 5000 | omb | Ambae |
| 22 | West Ambae | Duidui | 8700 | nnd | Ambae |
| 23 | Raga | Hano | 6500 | lml | Pentecost |
| 24 | Apma | 7800 | app | Pentecost | |
| 25 | Ske | Seke | 300 | ske | Pentecost |
| 26 | Sa | Saa | 3900 |