Northern Russian dialects

Territory

• The territory of the primary formation is fully or partially modern regions : Vologda, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Arkhangelsk.
• The territory of the second formation consist of most of the land to the North and North-East of Central Russia, that is Karelia, Murmansk, Vyatka, Perm, Komi, Udmurtia, and as well as Siberia and Far East.

  List of sub-dialects

• Pomor dialects
• Olonets group
• Novgorod group
• Siberian dialects
• Vologda-Kirov group
• Vladimir-Volga group

  Phonology

• Lack of vowel reduction: unstressed does not merge with . Unstressed, and after soft consonants also do not typically merge.
• Some dialects have high or diphthongal as a reflex of.
• In the eastern part of the group the change of every to before hard consonants occurs. also changes to in these positions but only in stressed syllables.
• Also in the eastern part of the dialect group there is in certain positions instead of Standard Russian.
• Tsokanye: the merger of Standard Russian and into one consonant whether, or .
• In the Vologda region, final hard is replaced by a semivowel.
• ,, are like in Standard Russian. Nevertheless, in some sub-dialects, can also be replaced with semivowel like in Southern Russian.
• In some dialects traces of unreduced, which normally reduced to in all of East Slavic: Жерегло "the sound between Lake Pskov and Lake Chud", перецок from earlier перецокл "reread ". In these examples, the groups *tl, dl dissimilated to, instead of reducing to. Some see this as an indication of possible West Slavic admixture in those areas, while others treat it as an archaism from Proto-Slavic times.

  Morphology

• A suffixed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly existing in Bulgarian.
• 3rd person verbal ending with non-palatalized -t as in Standard Russian.

  Vocabulary