Santhal Pargana division
Santhal Pargana division is an administrative division of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The division comprises six districts and serves as a key administrative unit of the state. It is overseen by a Divisional Commissioner, while law and order is managed by the Deputy Inspector General of Police.
Origin of name
Santal Pargana derives its name from two words: "Santal", a major inhabited tribe in the region and Pargana, a unit of administration in Persian language used mostly by medieval rulers.Location
Santal Pargana is one of the divisions of Jharkhand. Its headquarters is at Dumka. Presently, this administrative division comprises six districts: Godda, Deoghar, Dumka, Jamtara, Sahibganj and Pakur.History
This region is mentioned as Kajangala in different ancient literatures specially in Buddhist literatures.It is mentioned that the Chinese monk-traveller Xuanzang travelled from Champa to Kajangala and then proceeded to Pundravardhana in the 7th century AD. He says that the northern limit of its territory was not very far from the Ganges. The forests to the south had plenty of elephants. The people were straight forward, talented and devoted to education.
In the system of Permanent Settlement, British encourage paharia of Rajmahal hills to practice settled agriculture but they refused to cut trees. Then British officials attracted attention to Santals who were ready to clear the forests for settled agriculture. In 1832, a large number of area demarcated as Damin-i-koh. Santal from Cuttack, Dhalbhum, Birbhum, Manbhum, Hazaribagh migrated, clear forest tracts and started cultivating these lands as peasants. British collected tax from Santals as revenue. The imposition of taxes, exploitation by Zamindar and money lenders sparked Santal rebellion. The Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, two brothers organized and led Santal inhabitants for the Santal Revolt against the Britishers but were defeated. Their other siblings namely Chand Murmu, Bhairo Murmu, Phulo Murmu, Jhano Murmu also followed elder brothers leadership for fighting against injustice.
In 1855, during British India, Santal Parganas was created as a district, and was a part of the Bengal Presidency. Santal Parganas was a district, in undivided Bihar state, upgraded to a division in 1983. As a consequence of Santal uprising, the British passed the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act,1876 which offered some protection for the tribals against exploitation. It prohibits the sale of Adivasi land to non-Adivasis in the Santal Pargana region along present day Jharkhand's border with West Bengal. After Independence of India, the Santal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949 is the first codified law of tenancy in Santal Pargana division of Jharkhand. When enacted, it supplemented existing British-era tenancy laws and codified some of the customary laws related to tribal land.