List of North American dinosaurs


This is a list of dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from North America. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs.

History

The earliest potential record of dinosaurs in North America comes from rare, unidentified footprints in the Middle-Late Triassic Pekin Formation of North Carolina. However, the most reliable early record of North American dinosaurs comes from fragmentary saurischian fossils unearthed from the Late Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Later in the Triassic period, dinosaurs left more recognizable remains, and could be identified as specific genera. Examples include Coelophysis, Chindesaurus, Gojirasaurus, and Tawa. Fossils of Tawa-like dinosaurs have also been found in South America, which has implications for paleogeography. During the Early Jurassic, dinosaurs such as Dilophosaurus, Anchisaurus, Podokesaurus, and the early thyreophoran Scutellosaurus lived in North America. The latter is thought ancestral to all stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. The Middle Jurassic is the only poorly represented period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the genus level.

The Late Jurassic of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Late Jurassic Morrison Formation is found in several U.S. states, including Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. The roster of dinosaurs from the Morrison is impressive. Among the theropods, Allosaurus, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Coelurus, Ornitholestes, Tanycolagreus, Stokesosaurus, and Marshosaurus are found in the Morrison. An abundance of sauropods has been found there, including Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, Brontosaurus and Amphicoelias. Three genera of stegosaurs, Alcovasaurus, Stegosaurus and Hesperosaurus, have been found there. Finally, neornithischians found in the Morrison include Camptosaurus, Dryosaurus, and Nanosaurus.
During the Early Cretaceous, new dinosaurs evolved to replace the old ones. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic Period. Theropods from the Early Cretaceous of North America include dromaeosaurids such as Deinonychus and Utahraptor, the carnosaur Acrocanthosaurus, and the coelurosaur Microvenator. Sauropods included Astrodon, Brontomerus, and Sauroposeidon. Ornithischians were more diverse than they were in the Jurassic Period. Tenontosaurus, Dakotadon, and Hippodraco are some of the ornithopods that lived during this time period. Ankylosaurs replaced their stegosaur cousins in the Cretaceous. Ankylosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of North America include Sauropelta and Gastonia. Therizinosaurs such as Falcarius are also known from the Early Cretaceous of North America.
Finally, during the Late Cretaceous Period, dinosaurs continued to diversify, with the Cenomanian stage seeing the rise of hadrosaurs such as Eolambia and Protohadros, as well as tyrannosaurs such as Moros intrepidus, which would make the carnosaurs, like Siats, as the continent's apex predators. These groups continued to thrive into the Turonian stage, in which therizinosaurs like Nothronychus, and larger ceratopsians such as Zuniceratops lived. During the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, an enormous diversity of dinosaurs is known. Theropods included the tyrannosaurs Albertosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Teratophoneus, Bistahieversor, and Appalachiosaurus, and the dromaeosaurids Dromaeosaurus, Saurornitholestes, Atrociraptor, and Bambiraptor. Ceratopsians, such as Pachyrhinosaurus, Styracosaurus, Centrosaurus, Monoclonius, Brachyceratops and Pentaceratops also existed. Among hadrosaurs, Hypacrosaurus, Gryposaurus, Kritosaurus, Parasaurolophus, Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus and Prosaurolophus existed. During the latest Cretaceous, the Maastrichtian age, the diversity of dinosaurs saw a decline from the preceding Campanian stage. North American herbivorous dinosaurs from this time period include the titanosaur sauropod Alamosaurus, the ceratopsians Bravoceratops, Regaliceratops, Triceratops, Leptoceratops, Torosaurus, Ojoceratops, Nedoceratops, and Tatankaceratops, the pachycephalosaurs Pachycephalosaurus, Sphaerotholus, Stygimoloch, and Dracorex, the hadrosaurs Augustynolophus, Saurolophus, and Edmontosaurus, the neornithischian Thescelosaurus, the ankylosaurid Ankylosaurus and the nodosaurids Denversaurus, Glyptodontopelta, and Edmontonia. Predatory dinosaurs from this time period included the tyrannosaurids Tyrannosaurus, Nanotyrannus, and Dryptosaurus, the ornithomimids Ornithomimus, Dromiceiomimus, Struthiomimus, the oviraptorids Anzu, Leptorhynchos and Ojoraptorsaurus, the troodontids Pectinodon, Paronychodon and Troodon, the coelurosaur Richardoestesia and the dromaeosaurs Acheroraptor and Dakotaraptor.
The only recorded find of a dinosaur fossil in Central America consists of a single femur discovered from mid Cretaceous-aged deposits in Comayagua Department in the central part of Honduras. The fossil had been found in January, 1971 by Bruce Simonson and Gregory Horne, though it was later sent to the National Museum of Natural History, USA where it is deposited under catalogue number USNM PAL 181339. The discovery was not formally described until 1994 where it was identified as the femur of a small hadrosaur or iguanodontid, probably the former. The first report of a dinosaur from Central America ever however was a newspaper article published in August of 1933 by Canada's Montreal Gazette, though the story was picked up by several American newspapers. The fossil was an isolated metatarsus that had been collected by University of Pennsylvania explorer George Mason from woods near Olanchito, Honduras, though a vertebra was also mentioned to be found by locals. The bones have since been lost and their true identity remains indeterminable.

Criteria for inclusion

List of North American dinosaurs

Valid genera

NameYearFormationLocationNotesImages
Abydosaurus2010Cedar Mountain Formation United States

Invalid and potentially valid genera

Agathaumas sylvestris: Mostly well-known from a painting by Charles R. Knight. It may have been a synonym of Triceratops, but without cranial remains, this cannot be confirmed.Alcovasaurus longispinus: Although originally named as a species of Stegosaurus, it may actually be a species of the otherwise European Miragaia. However, a later study has considered Miragaia a junior synonym of Dacentrurus, making Alcovasaurus a potentially distinct genus.Antrodemus valens: May represent the same animal as Allosaurus. If so, the name Antrodemus would have priority. However, because it is based on undiagnostic remains of uncertain provenance, this cannot be confirmed.Apatodon mirus: Its holotype was originally believed to be the jawbone of a Mesozoic pig, but has been reinterpreted as a dinosaur vertebra. What type of dinosaur it belonged to is unknown, but there have been suggestions that it was from Allosaurus.

Timeline

This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in Ma, megaannum, along the x-axis.

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from: -145 till: -66 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous
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from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:Triassic
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from: -251.902 till: -66 color:mesozoic text:Mesozoic
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color:HER bar:NAM3 from:-197 till:-195 text:Scutellosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM4 from:-160 till:-150 text:Camptosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM5 from:-156.3 till:-146.8 text:Brontosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM6 from:-155 till:-145 text:Camarasaurus
color:HER bar:NAM7 from:-155 till:-145 text:Dryosaurus
color:CAR bar:NAM8 from:-155 till:-145 text:Allosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM9 from:-155 till:-150 text:Stegosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM10 from:-155 till:-152 text:Haplocanthosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM13 from:-153 till:-147 text:Diplodocus
color:CAR bar:NAM11 from:-153 till:-148 text:Ceratosaurus
color:CAR bar:NAM12 from:-153 till:-148 text:Torvosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM14 from:-153 till:-150 text:Barosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM15 from:-153 till:-150 text:Apatosaurus
color:CAR bar:NAM16 from:-152 till:-148 text:Saurophaganax
color:HER bar:NAM17 from:-150 till:-145 text:Brachiosaurus
color:CAR bar:NAM18 from:-150 till:-145 text:Ornitholestes
color:OMN bar:NAM19 from:-130 till:-125 text:Falcarius
color:CAR bar:NAM20 from:-130 till:-125 text:Yurgovuchia
color:CAR bar:NAM21 from:-128.5 till:-126 text:Utahraptor
color:CAR bar:NAM22 from:-116 till:-110 text:Acrocanthosaurus
color:CAR bar:NAM23 from:-115 till:-108 text:Deinonychus
color:HER bar:NAM24 from:-115 till:-108 text:Tenontosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM25 from:-112 till:-108 text:Sauroposeidon
color:HER bar:NAM26 from:-93 till:-91 text:Zuniceratops
color:HER bar:NAM27 from:-87 till:-82 text:Niobrarasaurus
color:HER bar:NAM28 from:-83 till:-74 text:Gryposaurus
color:HER bar:NAM29 from:-79 till:-77 text:Brachylophosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM30 from:-77.5 till:-74 text:Stegoceras
color:OMN bar:NAM31 from:-77.5 till:-75.5 text:Troodon
color:CAR bar:NAM32 from:-77.1 till:-74.1 text:Gorgosaurus
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color:HER bar:NAM34 from:-77 till:-73 text:Corythosaurus
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color:HER bar:NAM44 from:-75 till:-73 text:Brachyceratops
color:HER bar:NAM45 from:-74.5 till:-72 text:Ziapelta
color:HER bar:NAM46 from:-74 till:-66 text:Kritosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM47 from:-73 till:-69 text:Edmontosaurus regalis
color:HER bar:NAM48 from:-73 till:-71 text:Velafrons
color:HER bar:NAM49 from:-73 till:-70 text:Anchiceratops
color:CAR bar:NAM50 from:-71 till:-68 text:Albertosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM51 from:-71 till:-69 text:Montanoceratops
color:HER bar:NAM52 from:-70 till:-66 text:Alamosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM53 from:-70 till:-66 text:Pachycephalosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM54 from:-70 till:-68.5 text:Saurolophus
color:HER bar:NAM55 from:-69 till:-66 text:Eotriceratops
color:HER bar:NAM56 from:-68 till:-66 text:Torosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM57 from:-68 till:-66 text:Triceratops
color:HER bar:NAM58 from:-68 till:-66 text:Ankylosaurus
color:CAR bar:NAM59 from:-68 till:-66 text:Tyrannosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM60 from:-68 till:-66 text:Thescelosaurus
color:HER bar:NAM61 from:-68 till:-66 text:Edmontosaurus annectens
color:HER bar:NAM62 from:-68 till:-66 text:Leptoceratops
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from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:Triassic
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from: -251.902 till: -66 color:mesozoic text:Mesozoic