List of North American dinosaurs
This is a list of dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from North America. North America has a rich dinosaur fossil record with great diversity of dinosaurs.
History
The earliest potential record of dinosaurs in North America comes from rare, unidentified footprints in the Middle-Late Triassic Pekin Formation of North Carolina. However, the most reliable early record of North American dinosaurs comes from fragmentary saurischian fossils unearthed from the Late Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Later in the Triassic period, dinosaurs left more recognizable remains, and could be identified as specific genera. Examples include Coelophysis, Chindesaurus, Gojirasaurus, and Tawa. Fossils of Tawa-like dinosaurs have also been found in South America, which has implications for paleogeography. During the Early Jurassic, dinosaurs such as Dilophosaurus, Anchisaurus, Podokesaurus, and the early thyreophoran Scutellosaurus lived in North America. The latter is thought ancestral to all stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. The Middle Jurassic is the only poorly represented period in North America, although several Middle Jurassic localities are known from Mexico. Footprints, eggshells, teeth, and fragments of bone representing theropods, sauropods, and ornithopods have been found, but none of them are diagnostic to the genus level.The Late Jurassic of North America, however, is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic. The Late Jurassic Morrison Formation is found in several U.S. states, including Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas. It is notable as being the most fertile single source of dinosaur fossils in the world. The roster of dinosaurs from the Morrison is impressive. Among the theropods, Allosaurus, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Coelurus, Ornitholestes, Tanycolagreus, Stokesosaurus, and Marshosaurus are found in the Morrison. An abundance of sauropods has been found there, including Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Camarasaurus, Brontosaurus and Amphicoelias. Three genera of stegosaurs, Alcovasaurus, Stegosaurus and Hesperosaurus, have been found there. Finally, neornithischians found in the Morrison include Camptosaurus, Dryosaurus, and Nanosaurus.
During the Early Cretaceous, new dinosaurs evolved to replace the old ones. Sauropods were still present, but they were not as diverse as they were in the Jurassic Period. Theropods from the Early Cretaceous of North America include dromaeosaurids such as Deinonychus and Utahraptor, the carnosaur Acrocanthosaurus, and the coelurosaur Microvenator. Sauropods included Astrodon, Brontomerus, and Sauroposeidon. Ornithischians were more diverse than they were in the Jurassic Period. Tenontosaurus, Dakotadon, and Hippodraco are some of the ornithopods that lived during this time period. Ankylosaurs replaced their stegosaur cousins in the Cretaceous. Ankylosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of North America include Sauropelta and Gastonia. Therizinosaurs such as Falcarius are also known from the Early Cretaceous of North America.
Finally, during the Late Cretaceous Period, dinosaurs continued to diversify, with the Cenomanian stage seeing the rise of hadrosaurs such as Eolambia and Protohadros, as well as tyrannosaurs such as Moros intrepidus, which would make the carnosaurs, like Siats, as the continent's apex predators. These groups continued to thrive into the Turonian stage, in which therizinosaurs like Nothronychus, and larger ceratopsians such as Zuniceratops lived. During the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, an enormous diversity of dinosaurs is known. Theropods included the tyrannosaurs Albertosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Teratophoneus, Bistahieversor, and Appalachiosaurus, and the dromaeosaurids Dromaeosaurus, Saurornitholestes, Atrociraptor, and Bambiraptor. Ceratopsians, such as Pachyrhinosaurus, Styracosaurus, Centrosaurus, Monoclonius, Brachyceratops and Pentaceratops also existed. Among hadrosaurs, Hypacrosaurus, Gryposaurus, Kritosaurus, Parasaurolophus, Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus and Prosaurolophus existed. During the latest Cretaceous, the Maastrichtian age, the diversity of dinosaurs saw a decline from the preceding Campanian stage. North American herbivorous dinosaurs from this time period include the titanosaur sauropod Alamosaurus, the ceratopsians Bravoceratops, Regaliceratops, Triceratops, Leptoceratops, Torosaurus, Ojoceratops, Nedoceratops, and Tatankaceratops, the pachycephalosaurs Pachycephalosaurus, Sphaerotholus, Stygimoloch, and Dracorex, the hadrosaurs Augustynolophus, Saurolophus, and Edmontosaurus, the neornithischian Thescelosaurus, the ankylosaurid Ankylosaurus and the nodosaurids Denversaurus, Glyptodontopelta, and Edmontonia. Predatory dinosaurs from this time period included the tyrannosaurids Tyrannosaurus, Nanotyrannus, and Dryptosaurus, the ornithomimids Ornithomimus, Dromiceiomimus, Struthiomimus, the oviraptorids Anzu, Leptorhynchos and Ojoraptorsaurus, the troodontids Pectinodon, Paronychodon and Troodon, the coelurosaur Richardoestesia and the dromaeosaurs Acheroraptor and Dakotaraptor.
The only recorded find of a dinosaur fossil in Central America consists of a single femur discovered from mid Cretaceous-aged deposits in Comayagua Department in the central part of Honduras. The fossil had been found in January, 1971 by Bruce Simonson and Gregory Horne, though it was later sent to the National Museum of Natural History, USA where it is deposited under catalogue number USNM PAL 181339. The discovery was not formally described until 1994 where it was identified as the femur of a small hadrosaur or iguanodontid, probably the former. The first report of a dinosaur from Central America ever however was a newspaper article published in August of 1933 by Canada's Montreal Gazette, though the story was picked up by several American newspapers. The fossil was an isolated metatarsus that had been collected by University of Pennsylvania explorer George Mason from woods near Olanchito, Honduras, though a vertebra was also mentioned to be found by locals. The bones have since been lost and their true identity remains indeterminable.
Criteria for inclusion
- The genus must appear on the List of dinosaur genera.
- At least one named species of the creature must have been found in North America.
List of North American dinosaurs
Valid genera
| Name | Year | Formation | Location | Notes | Images |
| Abydosaurus | 2010 | Cedar Mountain Formation | United StatesInvalid and potentially valid generaAgathaumas sylvestris: Mostly well-known from a painting by Charles R. Knight. It may have been a synonym of Triceratops, but without cranial remains, this cannot be confirmed.Alcovasaurus longispinus: Although originally named as a species of Stegosaurus, it may actually be a species of the otherwise European Miragaia. However, a later study has considered Miragaia a junior synonym of Dacentrurus, making Alcovasaurus a potentially distinct genus.Antrodemus valens: May represent the same animal as Allosaurus. If so, the name Antrodemus would have priority. However, because it is based on undiagnostic remains of uncertain provenance, this cannot be confirmed.Apatodon mirus: Its holotype was originally believed to be the jawbone of a Mesozoic pig, but has been reinterpreted as a dinosaur vertebra. What type of dinosaur it belonged to is unknown, but there have been suggestions that it was from Allosaurus.
TimelineThis is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in Ma, megaannum, along the x-axis.ImageSize = width:800px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-251.902 till:-25 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:25 start:-25 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:-251.902 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:HER value:teal id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cretaceous value:rgb id:jurassic value:rgb id:triassic value:rgb id:mesozoic value:rgb BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22 bar:NAM23 bar:NAM24 bar:NAM25 bar:NAM26 bar:NAM27 bar:NAM28 bar:NAM29 bar:NAM30 bar:NAM31 bar:NAM32 bar:NAM33 bar:NAM34 bar:NAM35 bar:NAM36 bar:NAM37 bar:NAM38 bar:NAM39 bar:NAM40 bar:NAM41 bar:NAM42 bar:NAM43 bar:NAM44 bar:NAM45 bar:NAM46 bar:NAM47 bar:NAM48 bar:NAM49 bar:NAM50 bar:NAM51 bar:NAM52 bar:NAM53 bar:NAM54 bar:NAM55 bar:NAM56 bar:NAM57 bar:NAM58 bar:NAM59 bar:NAM60 bar:NAM61 bar:NAM62 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark: width:25 shift: bar:periodtop from: -145 till: -66 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous from: -201.3 till: -145 color:jurassic text:Jurassic from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:Triassic bar:eratop from: -251.902 till: -66 color:mesozoic text:Mesozoic PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark: width:5 anchor:till align:left color:CAR bar:NAM1 from:-216 till:-196 text:Coelophysis color:CAR bar:NAM2 from:-199 till:-188 text:Megapnosaurus color:HER bar:NAM3 from:-197 till:-195 text:Scutellosaurus color:HER bar:NAM4 from:-160 till:-150 text:Camptosaurus color:HER bar:NAM5 from:-156.3 till:-146.8 text:Brontosaurus color:HER bar:NAM6 from:-155 till:-145 text:Camarasaurus color:HER bar:NAM7 from:-155 till:-145 text:Dryosaurus color:CAR bar:NAM8 from:-155 till:-145 text:Allosaurus color:HER bar:NAM9 from:-155 till:-150 text:Stegosaurus color:HER bar:NAM10 from:-155 till:-152 text:Haplocanthosaurus color:HER bar:NAM13 from:-153 till:-147 text:Diplodocus color:CAR bar:NAM11 from:-153 till:-148 text:Ceratosaurus color:CAR bar:NAM12 from:-153 till:-148 text:Torvosaurus color:HER bar:NAM14 from:-153 till:-150 text:Barosaurus color:HER bar:NAM15 from:-153 till:-150 text:Apatosaurus color:CAR bar:NAM16 from:-152 till:-148 text:Saurophaganax color:HER bar:NAM17 from:-150 till:-145 text:Brachiosaurus color:CAR bar:NAM18 from:-150 till:-145 text:Ornitholestes color:OMN bar:NAM19 from:-130 till:-125 text:Falcarius color:CAR bar:NAM20 from:-130 till:-125 text:Yurgovuchia color:CAR bar:NAM21 from:-128.5 till:-126 text:Utahraptor color:CAR bar:NAM22 from:-116 till:-110 text:Acrocanthosaurus color:CAR bar:NAM23 from:-115 till:-108 text:Deinonychus color:HER bar:NAM24 from:-115 till:-108 text:Tenontosaurus color:HER bar:NAM25 from:-112 till:-108 text:Sauroposeidon color:HER bar:NAM26 from:-93 till:-91 text:Zuniceratops color:HER bar:NAM27 from:-87 till:-82 text:Niobrarasaurus color:HER bar:NAM28 from:-83 till:-74 text:Gryposaurus color:HER bar:NAM29 from:-79 till:-77 text:Brachylophosaurus color:HER bar:NAM30 from:-77.5 till:-74 text:Stegoceras color:OMN bar:NAM31 from:-77.5 till:-75.5 text:Troodon color:CAR bar:NAM32 from:-77.1 till:-74.1 text:Gorgosaurus color:HER bar:NAM33 from:-77 till:-73 text:Centrosaurus color:HER bar:NAM34 from:-77 till:-73 text:Corythosaurus color:HER bar:NAM35 from:-77 till:-74 text:Lambeosaurus color:HER bar:NAM36 from:-77 till:-74 text:Monoclonius color:HER bar:NAM37 from:-77 till:-66 text:Edmontonia color:HER bar:NAM38 from:-76.5 till:-66.5 text:Ornithomimus color:HER bar:NAM39 from:-76.5 till:-73 text:Parasaurolophus color:HER bar:NAM40 from:-76.5 till:-74 text:Styracosaurus color:HER bar:NAM41 from:-75.79 till:-73 text:Pentaceratops color:OMN bar:NAM42 from:-75 till:-66 text:Struthiomimus color:HER bar:NAM43 from:-75 till:-67 text:Hypacrosaurus color:HER bar:NAM44 from:-75 till:-73 text:Brachyceratops color:HER bar:NAM45 from:-74.5 till:-72 text:Ziapelta color:HER bar:NAM46 from:-74 till:-66 text:Kritosaurus color:HER bar:NAM47 from:-73 till:-69 text:Edmontosaurus regalis color:HER bar:NAM48 from:-73 till:-71 text:Velafrons color:HER bar:NAM49 from:-73 till:-70 text:Anchiceratops color:CAR bar:NAM50 from:-71 till:-68 text:Albertosaurus color:HER bar:NAM51 from:-71 till:-69 text:Montanoceratops color:HER bar:NAM52 from:-70 till:-66 text:Alamosaurus color:HER bar:NAM53 from:-70 till:-66 text:Pachycephalosaurus color:HER bar:NAM54 from:-70 till:-68.5 text:Saurolophus color:HER bar:NAM55 from:-69 till:-66 text:Eotriceratops color:HER bar:NAM56 from:-68 till:-66 text:Torosaurus color:HER bar:NAM57 from:-68 till:-66 text:Triceratops color:HER bar:NAM58 from:-68 till:-66 text:Ankylosaurus color:CAR bar:NAM59 from:-68 till:-66 text:Tyrannosaurus color:HER bar:NAM60 from:-68 till:-66 text:Thescelosaurus color:HER bar:NAM61 from:-68 till:-66 text:Edmontosaurus annectens color:HER bar:NAM62 from:-68 till:-66 text:Leptoceratops PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark: width:25 bar:period from: -145 till: -66 color:cretaceous text:Cretaceous from: -201.3 till: -145 color:jurassic text:Jurassic from: -251.902 till: -201.3 color:triassic text:Triassic bar:era from: -251.902 till: -66 color:mesozoic text:Mesozoic |
United States