19th United States Congress
The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States [House of Representatives]. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 [United States census]. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson majority.
Major events
- March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
- October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
- July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence
Major legislation
*Treaties signed
- November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
- January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.Leadership
Senate
- President: John C. Calhoun
- President pro tempore: John Gaillard, until December 4, 1825
- * Nathaniel Macon, from May 20, 1826
House of Representatives
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.following a name means the member was of the Jackson faction. that the person was a member of the Adams faction.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.Louisiana">List of United States senators from Louisiana">Louisiana
New York">List of United States senators from New York">New York
House of Representatives
Connecticut">List of United States representatives from Connecticut">Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Georgia">List of United States representatives from Georgia">Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Maryland">List of United States representatives from Maryland">Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.New Hampshire">List of United States representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.New Jersey">List of United States representatives from New Jersey">New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.New York">List of United States representatives from New York">New York
There were three plural districts: the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.Pennsylvania">List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania
There were six plural districts: the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each.Rhode Island">List of United States representatives from Rhode Island">Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.Changes in membership
This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.Senate
- Replacements: 7
- * Anti-Jacksonian (A): 3-seat net gain
- * Jacksonian (J): no net change
- Deaths: 4
- Resignations: 6
- Interim appointments: 4
- '''Total seats with changes: 13'''
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 11
- * Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
- * Jackson: 1 seat net loss
- Deaths: 5
- Resignations: 10
- Contested election: 1
- '''Total seats with changes: 16'''
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.Senate
- Agriculture
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Bankruptcy
- Claims
- Commerce
- Debt Imprisonment Abolition
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States
- District of Columbia
- Engrossed Bills
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- French Spoilations
- Georgia and the Creek Indians
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Militia
- Naval Affairs
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Private Land Claims
- Public Lands
- Roads and Canals
- Tariff Regulation
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- American Colonization Society
- Apportionment of Representatives
- Bills of Exchange
- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Elections
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Foreign Affairs
- Indian Affairs
- Judiciary
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Military Pensions
- Naval Affairs
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Expenditures
- Public Lands
- Revisal and Unfinished Business
- Revolutionary Claims
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees
Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress">Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
- Chaplain: Charles P. McIlvaine, until December 12, 1825
- * William Staughton, elected December 12, 1825
- * William Ryland, elected December 8, 1826
- Secretary: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825
- * Walter Lowrie, elected December 12, 1825
- Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly