Nikolay Zabolotsky
Nikolay Alekseyevich Zabolotsky was a prominent Soviet and Russian poet and translator.
Life and work
Early life
Nikolay Alekseyevich Zabolotsky was born on May 7, 1903, in Kizicheskaya sloboda. His father, Alexei Agafonovich Zabolotsky was an agronomist, who managed a zemstvo agricultural farm. His mother, Lydia Andreevna Zabolotsky was a teacher. His early life was spent in the towns of Sernur and Urzhum. In 1920, Zabolotsky left his family and moved to Moscow, enrolling simultaneously in the departments of medicine and philology at the Moscow State University. A year later, he moved to Petrograd and enrolled in the Pedagogical Institute of Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute.Work
Zabolotsky had already begun to write poetry at this time. His formative period showed the influences of the Futurist works of Vladimir Mayakovsky and Velimir Khlebnikov, the lyrical poems of Alexander Blok and Sergei Yesenin, and the art of Pavel Filonov and Marc Chagall. During this period, Zabolotsky also met his future wife, E.V. Klykova.In 1928, Zabolotsky founded the avant-garde group Oberiu with Daniil Kharms and Alexander Vvedensky. The group's acronym stood for "The Association of Real Art". During this period, Zabolotsky began to be published. His first book of poetry, Columns, was a series of grotesque vignettes on the life that Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy had created. It included the poem, an absurdist lullaby that, 67 years later, in 1996, provided the words for a Russian pop hit. In 1937, Zabolotsky published his second book of poetry. This collection showed the subject matter of Zabolotsky's work moving from social concerns to elegies and nature poetry. This book is notable for its inclusion of pantheistic themes.
Zabolotsky's poetry also included works focused on religious themes. These are rooted on his early religious training and expressed Orthodoxy of the peasantry before the revolution. While official biographical statements depicted him as a politically and sanitized Soviet poet, officially and unofficially published works showed that he had more spiritual and intellectual depth. By the 1930s, Zabolotsky modified his poetic style towards "socialist realism" in a move to produce acceptable ideological content.
Amidst Joseph Stalin's increased censorship of the arts, Zabolotsky fell victim to the Great Purge. Arrested in 1938, he was tortured, and accused of taking part of a counter-revolutionary plot with other Leningrad writers, including Nikolai Tikhonov, Konstantin Fedin, and Samuil Marshak - none of whom were arrested. He was sentenced to five years to Siberia. This sentence was prolonged until the war was over. In 1944 after his appeal he was freed of guard, but still continued the sentence in exile in Karaganda. In Siberia he continued his creative work and was occupied with translation of The Tale of Igor's Campaign. This followed with his release in 1945.
Upon his return to Moscow in 1946, Zabolotsky was restored as member of Union of Soviet Writers. He also translated several Georgian poets and traveled frequently to Georgia. Zabolotsky also resumed his work as an original poet. However, the literature of his post-exile years experienced drastic stylistic changes. His poetry began to take a more traditional, conservative form and was often compared to the work of Tyutchev.
Family
In 1930 he married Ekaterina Vasilyevna Klykova. They had two children:- Nikita Nikolaevich Zabolotsky, a candidate of biological sciences and author of biographical and memorial works about his father.
- Natalia Nikolaevna Zabolotskaya. In 1962 she married Nikolai Veniaminovich Kaverin, a virgologist and son of the writer Veniamin Kaverin.