Nepenthes macrovulgaris


Nepenthes macrovulgaris, or the serpentine pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is a lowland plant that typically grows at altitudes ranging from 300 to 1,200 m in sub-montane forest clearings and mossy forest. Its range is restricted to ultramafic habitats, including Mount Kinabalu, Mount Tambuyukon, the Danum Valley, the Tawai Range, the Meliau Range and Mount Silam, all in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Pitchers grow to around 25 cm high and range in colour from green to brown, with the speckled form being the most common.

Taxonomy and Phylogeny

Before modern molecular phylogenies, it was thought that Nepenthes macrovulgaris is most closely related to N. hirsuta and N. hispida, and may have been difficult to distinguish from them. Botanists Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek suggest that N. macrovulgaris is also related to N. philippinensis, a species endemic to Palawan in the Philippines.
N. macrovulgarisN. hirsutaN. hispida
leaves charteous ≤30 cm, oblong to linearleaves coriaceous ≤20 cm, canaliculate-spathulate or obovateleaves coriaceous sessile ≤28 cm, oblanceolate-oblongate
apex acute to obtuseapex acute or roundishapex acuminate-obtuse, often unequal
base attenuate into a winged petiole, wings wider towards the base, clasping stem for about half its diameter, not decurrentbase attenuate, forming laterally flattened, semi-amplexicaul sheathbase attenuate, amplexicaul and often decurrent onto the internode
longitudinal veins: 2-3 on each sidelongitudinal veins not prominentlongitudinal veins: 3 on each side
adult pitchers and stem glabrous, young pitchers with short, thin hairsstem densely covered with long brown hairs, not as bristle-like as those of N. hispidastem very densely covered with bristle-like purple-grey hairs

Molecular phylogenies, however, show that N. macrovulgaris is in fact sister to Nepenthes reinwardtiana, and it is not a close relative of Nepenthes hispida and Nepenthes hirsuta, nor close to Nepenthes philippinensis. The striking similarity in morphology and habitat preference between N. macrovulgaris and Nepenthes philippinensis could be because they represent an ancestral phenotype, or parallel/convergent evolution.

Etymology

Turnbull and Middleton, who described the species in 1988, explain that they chose the specific epithet macrovulgaris to:
indicate a relatively large plant and to indicate that no single characteristic uniquely distinguishes this taxon from all others. The suffix vulgaris does not indicate that this species is either common or ordinary. On the contrary, it is quite striking. The epithet is an irregular combination of Greek and Latin. The name was used in the field to identify living material which was distributed to growers and this informal name is now commonly used by collectors. We feel that to change the name now would create unnecessary confusion.

Natural hybrids

The following natural hybrids involving N. macrovulgaris have been recorded.