Nehemiah 1


Nehemiah 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 11th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles, but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE is the final author of these books. This chapter describes Nehemiah's position in the Persian court and his piety.

Text

This chapter is divided into 11 verses. The original text of this chapter is in Hebrew language.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis.
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus, and Codex Alexandrinus.

The report (1:1–3)

This part opens the memoirs of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah, who works in Persia as a court official but worries about the welfare of fellow Jews living in Jerusalem at the time. The first few verses of this chapter indicate the focus of the whole book of Nehemiah, starting by the introduction of the problem, that is, the "sad state of Jerusalem", followed by the solutions of this problem in the next chapters and the effects on the community in general.

Verse 1

  • "Chisleu (Kislev)": While Ezra uses numbered months, Nehemiah uses 'Babylonian calendrical names'.
  • "The twentieth year": for the reign of Artaxerxes I corresponds to 445 BC, thirteen years after Ezra's arrival in Jerusalem.
  • "Shushan" or "Susa"
  • "Palace" : or "fortified palace", also elsewhere in the book.

Verse 2

  • "Brethren": or "brothers", can be taken figuratively, but Williamson, noting, suggests to take this literally.

Verse 3

The news of the state of Jerusalem troubled Nehemiah partly because of the 'shame' of this circumstance, but perhaps because he is surprised that 'the walls are still down, even after the temple has been rebuilt'.

Nehemiah prays (1:4–11)

Nehemiah was passionate for the glory of God, so even while driven by empathy, before he formulated any plan, his first response was to pray to God. Eight times in his prayer, Nehemiah uses the term servant to refer himself, the Jewish people or Moses, also to begin and to close his prayer, showing his 'reverential submission' to God. Nehemiah's confession and petition reflects the whole Deuteronomic law, as he patterns his wordings after a condensed version of about God's curses and blessings, trusting God's promise to gather his people when they return to God. This prayer consists of five portions:
There are similarities with the prayer of Ezra In particular, it has a close resemblance to the prayer of Daniel, such as: the opening words in Nehemiah 1:5 are almost word for word the same as in, with the only variations being 'Adonai' for 'YHWH' and the additional title 'God of heaven'.

Verse 5

  • "Keep": from the Hebrew verb is often used as an idiom that means "to obey" the commandments of God.

Verse 11

  • "Cupbearer" : considered by many scholars to mean "one who tasted wine for poison", but in the LXX causes the rise of a variant that suggests Nehemiah was a "eunuch" found only in Vaticanus, Sinaiticus, and Venetus, but rejected by most scholars. However, the arguments against Nehemiah's physical mutilation 'tend to be motivated by the myth of Persian beneficence', and should not be dismissed lightly, as sociological studies indicate a possibility in tradition of Nehemiah as a eunuch.