Nawayath Sultanate
Nawayath Sultanate, also known as the Hunnur Sultanate, was a small kingdom situated on the Karavali coast in the present-day Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. It is believed to have been established by the Nawayath merchant Hasan Nakhuda at Hospattan, a village in Honnavar. The sultanate remained sovereign until 1340, when Harihara-nripala, the ruler of the neighboring kingdom of Gersoppa, which controlled the eastern region of the sultanate, asserted his suzerainty over Sultan Jamaluddin. Unlike most kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent, the Nawayath Sultanate was adept in marine warfare and possessed two notable ships, the Tarida and the Ukairi.
Nawayath Sultanate patronized numerous architectural works, though most have fallen into ruin, become uninhabitable, or been lost over time. Among these were a mosque constructed by Sultan Hasan Nakhuda, noted for its resemblance to the grand mosque of Baghdad, as well as the Mirjan Fort and the Fort of Hospattan in Honnavar.
Origin
The Sultan Hasan and Jamaluddin were from the Nawayath community, who are descendants of the Arabs. The term has been given different meanings by different authors, such as Suyuti, who describes Nawayath as the corrupt word of Banu-Wayat; it means children of Wayat who are the descendants of Abdullah-Wayat. Conversely, Jafar Sharif presents an alternative origin, asserting that it comes from the Arabic term 'Nuwa-A-ay-t'hay', which translates to 'newcomer'. Wilk supports the meaning given by Jafar Sharif but he describes the word Nevayet has the indian origin which may be the corruption of Hindustani and Marathi terms. Another opinion is that it is apparently a Konkani word connected with Sanskrit nava and implying new convert.Victor D'Souza concluded by not being satisfied with the perspectives provided by various authors. He asserts that it is implausible that the term navayat is the widespread distortion of the expressions for "newcomer" in several languages. Nor is it likely that individuals speaking different languages collectively chose the Sanskrit terms, as if by mutual agreement, to designate these newcomers. Furthermore, other expressions, such as those who arrived by boat or new converts, cannot be deemed as accurate terms. However, he determined that sailors represent a sensible interpretation of Navayats.
History
Hasan Nakhuda
Jamaluddin Nakhuda's father, according to Ibn-e Batuta's narrative, erected a huge mosque similar to Grand Mosque of Baghdad after capturing Sindapur and founded a city there. Hasan Nakhuda may have served as governor of Sindapur under Kadambas, like in the 11th century, a Muslim named Sadhan, son of Muhammad of Arabia, who served as governor.Jamaluddin Nakhuda
Sultan Jamaluddin Muhammed was pious to his religious duties and was one of the powerful rulers on the coast of Kanara. Tributes were paid to him by the Malabar king on a yearly basis because of his maritime power. In 1338, Vira Ballala III stationed his army at Barkur to check the aggressive activities of Sultan Jamaluddin, who was threatening to overthrow the alupa king, the brother-in-law and vassal of Vira Ballala III. In 1343, a fleet of 52 vessels departed for Sindapur upon receiving a message from the king of Sindapur's son, leading to the capture of Sindapur. Subsequently, in 1344, the king of Sindapur launched a surprise assault while the Sultanate's army was scattered throughout the region, with no available information on the outcome of this conflict.Cultural Influence
and Jains were impacted by the religious and moral code of Muslims. When it comes to the art of fighting, they imitate Muslims, while in the ground force and navy, the majority of officers were Muslim. Conversely, the livelihood of Muslims was shaped by Jains. It was common to use hot water and rice, yet wheat could be readily imported from other nations. Each individual was provided with a separate plate and spoon for dining. Moreover, on a plate with rice, various types of curries were placed, a practice influenced by Hindus that persists to this day.Mžik says that Shaikh Muhammed Nagauri considered his male and female slaves unclean
and did not have his food prepared by them because of his belief in untouchability.
Mahdi Husain rejects Mžik's remark about untouchability. According to him, the aforementioned Shaikh was a saint with strict habits who carefully avoided any chance of contamination or impurity when performing his devotional practice. For this reason, he was concerned about his servants.