Muhammad ibn Ali

• Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, son of Ali, fourth Imam of Kaysanites Shia
• Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah, grandson of Abdullah bin Abbas and the father of As-Saffah the first Abbasid Caliph; also Imam of Kaysanites Shia after the death of Abu Hashim
• Muhammad al-Baqir, son of Ali ibn Husayn, the fourth Imam according to Mustaali and Nizari Ismaili, the fifth Imam according to Twelvers, Seveners and Karmatians
• Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi was the son of Ali al-Hadi and the brother of Hasan al-Askari
• Muhammad ibn `Ali at-Tirmidhi, Sunni jurist and traditionist of Khorasan, also known as Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi
• Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Layth, Saffarid emir
• Muhammad Ben Ali Rabati, Moroccan painter