Muehlenbeckia
Muehlenbeckia or maidenhair is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae. It is native to the borders of the Pacific, including South and North America, Papua New Guinea and Australasia. It has been introduced elsewhere, including Europe. Species vary in their growth habits, many being vines or shrubs. In some environments, rampant species can become weedy and difficult to eradicate.
Description
Species of Muehlenbeckia vary considerably in their growth habits; they may be perennials, vinelike, or shrubs. All have rhizomatous roots. Their leaves are arranged alternately on the stem, usually with stalks, but sometimes stalkless. The brownish ocrea is short and tubular, soon disintegrating. The inflorescences may be terminal or axillary, and are in the form of spikes or clusters, with at most very short peduncles. Individual flowers have pedicels. The flowers may be bisexual or unisexual, with sometimes a mixture of staminate, pistillate and bisexual flowers on the same plant. There are five white to greenish white tepals, joined at the base. Staminate flowers have 8 stamens and a rudimentary pistil. Pistillate flowers have rudimentary stamens and three spreading styles. The fruit is in the form of a black or dark brown unwinged achene, three-sided to more or less globe-shaped, at least partly enclosed by the persistent tepals.Taxonomy
The genus was erected by Carl Meissner in 1841, initially for two species that he distinguished from Coccoloba and Polygonum. The generic name honours Alsatian bryologist Heinrich Gustav Mühlenbeck.Muehlenbeckia is placed in the tribe Polygoneae of the subfamily Polygonoideae. Within the tribe, it is most closely related to the genera Reynoutria and Fallopia s.s., forming the so-called "RMF clade".
Species
, Plants of the World Online accepts 27 species.Muehlenbeckia adpressa Meisn. – climbing lignum, shrubby creeper, pohuehueMuehlenbeckia andina BrandbygeMuehlenbeckia arnhemica Muehlenbeckia astonii Petrie – shrubby tororaro, wiggy-wig bushMuehlenbeckia australis Meisn.Muehlenbeckia axillaris Walp. – sprawling wirevineMuehlenbeckia complexa Meisn. – maidenhair vine, creeping wire vine, lacy wire vine, mattress vine, mattress wire weed, necklace vine, wire vineMuehlenbeckia costata Muehlenbeckia diclina F.Muell. – slender lignumMuehlenbeckia ephedroides Hook. f. – leafless pohuehue or leafless muehlenbeckiaMuehlenbeckia fruticulosa Standl.Muehlenbeckia gracillima Meisn.Muehlenbeckia gunnii Endl. – coastal lignumMuehlenbeckia hastulata I.M. Johnst. – wirevineMuehlenbeckia monticola PulleMuehlenbeckia nummularia H.GrossMuehlenbeckia platyclada Meisn.Muehlenbeckia polybotrya Meisn.Muehlenbeckia rhyticarya Benth.Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia Meisn.Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia Meisn.Muehlenbeckia tiliifolia Wedd.Muehlenbeckia triloba DanserMuehlenbeckia tuggeranong Mallinson – Tuggeranong lignumMuehlenbeckia urubambensis BrandbygeMuehlenbeckia volcanica Endl.Muehlenbeckia zippelii DanserThree species have been transferred to the genus Duma:Muehlenbeckia coccoloboides J.M.Black → Duma coccoloboidesMuehlenbeckia florulenta Meisn. – tangled lignum → Duma florulentaMuehlenbeckia horrida H.Gross → ''Duma horrida''