Monastery of St. Nicholas Anapausas
The Monastery of Saint Nicholas Anapausas is a former Greek Orthodox monastery near the town of Kalambaka, in the Thessaly region of central Greece. It is located at the top of a rocky precipice over above the Pineios valley floor. It is one of twenty-four monasteries that were originally built at Meteora. Founded at the end of the 14th century, the Nicholas Anapausas monastery is one of the oldest existing of the Meteora monasteries. Collectively titled Meteora, in 1988 the extant six monasteries were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Geography
Twenty-four monasteries were built on rock cliffs in the deltaic plains of Meteora. The cliffs rise to a height of more than. The monasteries are situated in the Pineios Valley within the Thessalian plains, close to the town of Kalambaka. The rock cliffs, dated by chemical analysis to be 60-million years old, were created during earthquakes, and are of sandstone and conglomerate formations caused by fluvial erosion. The sediments were once in an inland sea during the Pliocene epoch. The cliffs rose as a cone during the earthquakes, forming steep rock columns, known as "heavenly columns". The area is hilly and forested, with river valleys, and a protected area known as Trikala Aesthetic Forest.Most of the monasteries were located near the Saint Nicholas Anapausas Monastery; however, both the monasteries of Saint Stephen and [Monastery of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity, Meteora|Holy Trinity, Meteora|Holy Trinity] are located further to the south.
History
The history of building monasteries on top of perilous cliffs near Meteora occurred between the 14th and 15th centuries. Even prior to this, in the 11th century, religious communities had established hermitages at the foot of these cliffs. In the 14th century, the titular emperor of Serbs and Greeks, John Uroš, became a monk and moved to Meteora; he endowed, rebuilt and established monasteries here. During the political upheavals in the region during this century, monks retreated to the safe haven offered by the cliffs. By end of the fifteenth century, there were 24 such monasteries, such as St. Nicholas Anapausas, Rousanou–Saint Barbara, and Great Meteoron., St. Nicholas Anapafsas and Rousanou monasteries were extant, yet inactive; and four of the original monasteries were occupied and in use, including the Great Meteoron, Holy Trinity, St. Stephen, and the Varlaam Monastery; and together the six monasteries make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site, named Meteora; inscribed in 1988.