Mitsubishi Kinsei
The Mitsubishi Kinsei was a 14-cylinder, air-cooled, twin-row radial aircraft engine developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan in 1934 for the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Mitsubishi model designation for this engine was A8 while it was an experimental project; in service, it was known as the MK8 "Kinsei" by the Navy. In 1941 the engine was adopted by Army, receiving designation Ha-112. In May 1943 it received Ha-33 unified designation code.
Design and development
Early Kinsei models had A4 internal designation and their cylinder and detail design was based on the single-row, 9-cylinder air-cooled Pratt and Whitney R-1690 Hornet.In 1933 engine underwent a major redesign and redesignated A8. Head layout was reversed to allow exhaust exit to the rear, reducing back-pressure and allowing for a cleaner installation. Compression ratio increased from 5.3:1 to 6.0:1. These changes resulted in a significant performance uplift, compared to previous variants.
Kinsei 41 saw ever further increase in compression ratio from 6.0:1 to 6.6:1, and a larger supercharger. It's also the first variant to receive a two-digit model numbers. 40 series remained in production from 1936 till the end of the war.
Kinsei 50 series saw the final compression ratio increase to 7.0:1. Indirect fuel injection was fitted as well as a larger two-speed supercharger.
Kinsei 60 series was introduction of direct injection and later, a turbo-supercharger. Its development was run parallel to 50 series. Production started in 1940 and lasted till the end of the war.
Variants
Early (A4) variants
Data from Goodwin;Kinsei 1
;Kinsei 2
Late (A8) variants
Data from Goodwin;Kinsei 3
;Kinsei 41
;Kinsei 42
;Kinsei 43
;Model 44
;Kinsei 45
;Kinsei 46
;Kinsei 51
;Kinsei 52
;Kinsei 53
;Kinsei 54
;Model 61
;Kinsei 62
;Kinsei 62 Ru