Miriam DeCosta-Willis
Miriam DeCosta-Willis was an American educator, writer, and civil rights activist. The first African-American faculty member at Memphis State University, having previously been denied admission to the school as a graduate student due to her race, she spent her career as a professor of Romance languages and African-American studies at a variety of colleges in Memphis, Tennessee, and the Washington, D.C., area. From the 1960s, she was active in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She published more than a dozen books throughout her career, largely dealing with Afro-Latino literature and Black Memphis history.
Early life and education
Miriam DeCosta-Willis was born Miriam Dolores DeCosta in Florence, Alabama, in 1934. The granddaughter of Zachary Hubert, who had been enslaved in Georgia, Alabama, she was born to a pair of African-American educators. Her mother, Beautine Hubert DeCosta, had graduated from Spelman College and Atlanta University, and her father, Frank A. DeCosta, held degrees from Lincoln University, Columbia University, and the University of Pennsylvania. She and her brother, Frank, grew up on the college campuses across Georgia, Alabama, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina where her parents worked.DeCosta first became engaged in activism as a child, staging a student protest as a junior at Wilkinson High School. In 1950, she became the first Black student to attend Westover School, a college prep school in Connecticut, where she was known as "Laurie." She had been chosen by local advocates to integrate the school because she seemed like the kind of "nice Negro girl" whom Westover would be hard-pressed to reject.
She then attended Wellesley College, where she excelled academically, beginning in 1952. At the women's college, she was one of only a handful of Black students at the time. In 1955, she participated in the Montgomery bus boycott while visiting her mother in Alabama; observing her mother's own activism would have a lasting impact on her. During her junior year at Wellesley, she married the civil rights lawyer Russell Sugarmon, and they moved to his hometown of Memphis, Tennessee, after she graduated in 1956. The couple had four children between 1956 and 1964: Tarik, Elena, Erika, and Monique.
Career
Her four-decade-long career as a college professor and administrator began in 1957, when she was hired to teach French at LeMoyne College. That year, she sought to pursue graduate studies at Memphis State University, now the University of Memphis, but was denied admission due to her race. Instead, she applied to Johns Hopkins University under her husband's name, Sugarmon, and was accepted under the assumption that she was Jewish, although the admissions officer still questioned whether a "good Jewish wife and mother" would actually leave home and enroll. She graduated from Johns Hopkins with a master's degree in 1960 and PhD in Romance languages in 1967. She was one of the first Black women to earn a doctorate at Johns Hopkins.Memphis State University
In 1966, she was hired to teach Spanish at Memphis State University, where she had been denied admission less than a decade earlier, becoming the school's first Black faculty member. At the university, she advised the school's Black Student Association, helping to organize a sit-in of the president's office. An active participant in civil rights organizing, she served as chair of the Memphis NAACP's Education Committee in the 1960s, leading a boycott of local public schools. She was arrested multiple times for participating in civil rights protests, she and her children were maced, and she received threatening anonymous calls to her home. She would remain a lifelong member of the NAACP.Howard University
She and her husband Russell divorced in 1967, and in 1970 she moved with her children to Washington, D.C., where she joined the faculty of Howard University.In Washington, DeCosta married the Memphis lawyer and politician Archie Walter Willis Jr. in 1972. At Howard, she was elected chair of the Department of Romance Languages in 1974, and she established the university's doctoral programs in French and Spanish. While living in Washington in the 1970s, she became involved in other activist protest movements, including the women's liberation and LGBT rights movements.