Midras uncleanness


Midras uncleanness is one of the forms of ritual impurity in Judaism which can be transmitted by either an object or person. The term may be translated as pressure uncleanness.
A midras is an object that can be a carrier of ritual impurity. Common objects that could potentially become unclean, and become a such midras object, include a chair, sofa, mattress, and rug. A person who becomes unclean is categorized as a "father of uncleanliness".

Hebrew Bible

The general concept of a midras, an object becoming a carrier for uncleanliness, is brought in the book of Leviticus, though the following verse does not employ the Hebrew term midras;

Becoming unclean

According to Maimonides on Zavim 4:4, the midras object becomes unclean by a person who is a "father of uncleanliness" putting most of their body weight in one of five ways on the midras;
  1. sitting on the midras like a chair
  2. lying on the midras like a rug
  3. leaning on the midras
  4. standing on the midras like a mat
  5. hanging from the ''midras''

Transmitting uncleanliness

Once the midras becomes unclean, it transmits uncleanliness to clean persons or objects by one of seven ways;
  1. by touching the midras
  2. by carrying the midras
  3. by sitting on the midras
  4. by lying on the midras
  5. by leaning on the midras
  6. by standing on the midras
  7. by hanging from the midras
The person or object who becomes unclean via the midras is categorized as a ''Rishon L'Tumah.''

Purification

The purification of the midras object is accomplished by immersing the object in a mikveh bath, and the subsequent elapse of sunset.

Disqualified objects

Objects that are not subject to becoming unclean as midras include;
  1. Unformed plates of terracotta,
  2. Any object or vessel of stone,
  3. Fabric or vessels made from fish
  4. Objects or vessels affixed to the ground