Norton is known for studying the effect of social factors on people's views and behavior, as well as the psychology of investment and individuals' valuing of goods. He has also studied the psychology underlying individuals' spending decisions, and he has said that spending on experiences tends to make people happier than does spending on objects. His research on this subject has also shown that people become happier when they spend money on others than when they spend it on themselves. He has also researched subjects such as public perceptions of executive compensation, racism, and economic inequality in the United States. In 2016, he co-authored a study showing that air rage incidents were almost four times as common on planes with first-class cabins than on planes without them. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the following year.