Megamusical
A megamusical is a large-scale musical produced for large commercial profit. Such musicals utilize spectacle and increased technology to "radicalize the imagistic potential of musical theatre." Early concepts of the megamusical came into existence in the 1970s, and the form was established and popularized in the 1980s by individuals such as Andrew Lloyd Webber and Cameron Mackintosh. Megamusical is analogous to the film industry term "blockbuster".
Notable megamusicals include Cats, Les Misérables, The [Phantom of the Opera |The Phantom of the Opera], The [Lion King |The Lion King], Wicked and Hamilton.
Characteristics
Megamusicals are known for their grand scale. They tend to be set in the distant past and cover broad, universal issues that global audiences can relate to. The plot is generally melodramatic, ambitious in scope, but not the focus of the show. Instead, a megamusical's priority is a visual spectacle, with ample attention given to visual elements like extravagant set and costumes, complex and technologically advanced stagecraft, and large casts that allow for big ensemble numbers with elaborate choreography.The scores for megamusicals are also grand, consisting of pop-influenced catchy songs, power ballads, lush harmonies and lavish orchestrations. Similar to operetta, this genre relies on the "continuous musicalization of dramatic action", and commonly feature a sung-through script in which the recitative is used to carry any dialogue in between musical numbers. As such, they are also referred to as "pop-operas".
Megamusicals have huge budgets and their non-artistic elements tend to be large as well. They are heavily publicized and the marketing for a megamusical is very intense and costly. Another key element of this form is its commercial appeal: whether or not the musical will be a hit at the box office. Generally, a megamusical is expected to be a massive financial success, but not necessarily a critical success.
A "big" Broadway musical is not necessarily a megamusical. One major difference between long-running Broadway productions such as A Chorus Line and Chicago, and successful megamusicals is that the latter are global franchises. While musicals had long been an American institution, they gained unprecedented global recognition and success with the advent of megamusicals in the 1980s. Megamusicals are intended to be mass-reproduced worldwide and the successful ones run for decades in international markets. Once his musicals became famous and were being licensed all over the world, composer Andrew Lloyd Webber vowed to keep a very tight grip on them and would get the final say on all productions regardless of the production team. This led to a strict level of standardization across the global productions of megamusicals that did not exist in live theatre before. This genre of musical theatre has been derogatorily referred to as "McTheatre", comparatively alluding to the standardization of fast food chain McDonald's products as well as its size and global reach.
A musical need not contain all of these elements to be regarded as a megamusical. Many of these features were established by the influential megamusicals of the 1980s, but the genre has since evolved. As such, consideration has to be given to the musical itself as well as the context surrounding it.
History
Theatre historians and scholars often consider the megamusical genre to be a descendant of 19th century French opera, specifically operetta, because of their similar emphasis on spectacle. The concept musicals of the 1960s and 1970s, which prioritised visual representation over linear storytelling, are also seen as a precursor to this genre.The megamusical phenomenon began with the 1981 musical Cats, composed by Lloyd Webber and produced by Cameron Mackintosh. Theatre scholar Vagelis Siropoulos explained:
Musicologist Jessica Sternfeld points out that while Cats was the "first true megamusical", an early form of the genre was first introduced by Jesus Christ Superstar, another musical by Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Tim Rice. Premiering on Broadway in 1971, some of the characteristics found in Jesus Christ Superstar later became key elements of the 1980s megamusical: a completely sung-through score replacing dialogue, expansive and complicated sets, and a melodramatic and larger-than-life plot. Lloyd Webber's 1978 musical Evita also featured these elements, leading Siropoulos to regard it as another early prototype of the genre — "not yet a megamusical in its finished form, like Cats".
The first two major players in the megamusical era were Lloyd Webber and Mackintosh, but soon after, they were joined by major corporations like Disney Theatrical Group, Viacom, PolyGram, and MCA. Disney Theatrical Group came onto the New York theatre scene in the form of megamusicals during the renovation of Times Square. To this day, they are one of the biggest producers of megamusicals on Broadway.