Mdina steles


The Mdina steles are two Phoenician language inscriptions found near the city of Mdina, Malta, in 1816. The findspot is disputed; the oldest known description places it near the Tal-Virtù Church. The surviving stele is currently in the National Museum of Archaeology, Malta; the other stele has been considered lost for more than a century.
They were widely publicized by Wilhelm Gesenius as Melitensia Tertia and Melitensia Quarta. They are also known as KAI 61A,B or CIS i 123A,B.
Stele 61B has been dated to the sixth century BCE on the basis of letter forms.

Text of the inscriptions

The two inscriptions read:
A "molkomor" was a "substitute" sacrificial offering to Ba‘al of a lamb instead of a child. The word is a composite of molk or Moloch, traditionally the Punic god Ba‘al but more probably meaning " sacrifice ", and ’MR, "lamb". Another possible reading is "MLK’SR", meaning Moloch-Osiris, who was also worshiped by the Phoenicians.
It is not clear whether molk-Ba‘al in A is a variant of molkomor, or that 61A refers to a real child sacrifice, while 61B refers to a substitute offering.