Mazda Capella

The Mazda Capella, also known as the 626 in Europe, North America and Southeast Asia, is a mid-size car that was manufactured by Mazda from 1970 until 2002. Sold in the Japanese domestic market under the Capella name, the vehicle was also commonly known in other major markets as the Mazda 626. Ford, Mazda's partner at the time, also used the Capella platform to create the Ford Telstar and Ford Probe. 4,345,279 of the 626 and Telstar models were sold worldwide.
Designed to compete against Japanese mid-size stalwarts such as the Honda Accord, Toyota Corona, and Nissan Bluebird, the Capella was succeeded by the Mazda6 in 2002.
The car was named after Capella, the brightest star in the constellation Auriga, the sixth-brightest in the night sky and the third-brightest in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus and Vega.

First generation (1970–1978)

The first Capella was introduced in May 1970 and lasted until 1978, and was introduced as an intermediate alternative to the smaller Mazda Familia and the larger Mazda Luce. It was powered by four-cylinder SOHC valve engines displacing either 1.5 or 1.6 litres. Output is, respectively; and of torque for the larger displacement version. The first models all had rectangular headlights, while the rotary-engined models received round twin headlamps beginning in October 1971. From 1972 all models received the double headlamps. The taillight design was changed repeatedly over the production run. This generation was sold in export markets as the Mazda 616 in sedan and, for some markets, coupé configurations. There was also a Mazda 618 briefly sold in the United States.
An optional Mazda Wankel engine was offered and known as the Capella Rotary in Japan or the Mazda RX-2 for export. In addition to the 1.6, a Capella 1500 was added in October 1970. The Capella received a fairly thorough facelift in February 1974. This facelift included a restyled front end and a redesigned dashboard. This model received an optional 1.8-litre engine for some markets and in Japan it was sold with the "AP" suffix, for "Anti-Pollution". The 1500 was no longer available. The facelift rotary version received the CB12S chassis code rather than S122A.
In Japan, the installation of a rotary engine gave Japanese buyers a financial advantage when it came time to pay the annual road tax in that they bought a car that was more powerful than a traditional inline engine, but without having the penalty for having an engine in the higher 1.5-litre tax bracket. This was the only generation that had the rotary engine offered.
The RX-2 was assembled under contract in New Zealand from 1972 for Mazda New Zealand by Motor Industries International in Otahuhu, South Auckland. It was the first and only rotary-engined car ever to be assembled in the country and was made as both a sedan, with manual or automatic transmission and a manual-only coupé. The 616 was also built but was much less popular. In South Africa, where the Capella was assembled first by Illings and then by Sigma, it was available with the 1600 or 1800 reciprocal engines as well as the rotary. The rotary claimed SAE in South Africa. The facelift version arrived two years late there, in mid-1976. At the end of that year, the Capella RS was introduced—this lowered version with Rostyle wheels was limited to 20 cars per month. South African production of the Capella Rotary continued into 1979, since Sigma had taken the decision not to build the second-generation Capella there but to focus on the Colt Galant instead.
The Mazda 616 was a major component of Mazda's United States expansion in 1971, having been preceded by its rotary brother, the RX-2, the previous year. It featured the 1.6-litre engine, which was later used in the 808. The American Capella was updated and renamed the next year: the 1972 Mazda 618 had a larger 1.8-litre VB engine which was only used in the US and not related to the similarly sized "VC" used in the rest of the world. Lasting just one year, the 618 nameplate was not used again in the United States and the only federalized version of the Capella for 1973 was the RX-2.

Second generation (CB; 1978–1982)

The second-generation rear-wheel drive Capella was available between October 1977 and 1982, in both sedan and coupé forms. It was marketed in export markets as the 626, with the exception of the United Kingdom, where it was marketed as the Mazda Montrose, the name honoring the local Mazda dealership in Montrose. The Montrose was offered as an alternative to the Ford Cortina, which was popular at the time. It was released in 1978, although the model's introduction to most markets was delayed until 1979. Early models had two slightly different frontal treatments. Models equipped with 1.6 or 1.8-litre engines came with a more pronounced sloping grille and models with the 2-litre engine came with a more flush grille. The 626 received a front and rear facelift in September 1980 but this model was not marketed in the UK, where the Montrose's styling remained unchanged. It was, however, offered in the rest of Europe and this and later generations were particularly popular in Germany. This Capella achieved an aerodynamic Cx value of 0.38.
The coupé and sedan were mechanically identical, with front MacPherson struts and a coil sprung solid axle at the back mounted on four links with a transverse Panhard rod providing addition location. Either a five-speed manual or three-speed automatic transmission and recirculating ball steering completed the mechanical specification. The CB also featured a split-folding rear seat. In Japan, the Capella came with 1.6-, 1.8-, or 2.0-litre engines. All had twin-barrel carburettors and produced 90, 100, and 110 PS JIS. The higher equipped versions received the larger US bumpers and were thus somewhat longer overall.
The Mazda 626 badge was used for the first time in some markets, replacing the earlier "616". The 626 was typically fitted with the 1.6- or 2.0-litre version of the Mazda F/MA, which produced from, though only the 2.0-litre was available in the United States. The 626 was facelifted in November 1980, with the update bringing flush-fitting headlamps and a new grille insert. Other changes included redesigned tail-lights, a revised dash, new trim and improved dynamics. The grille was lengthened slightly to remove the body-coloured gap between the headlamps and grille on the original model. It was also reduced in height so that the grille and headlamps formed a single "band" across the front-end.
In the United States, the facelift appeared for the 1981 model year and meant more black trim and a new grille and headlights. The engine also received new emissions equipment, consisting of two catalytic converters, an air pump, and an air control valve, which robbed the 2.0 four of some power. Also new for 1981 was the "Luxury" model, which featured ample equipment. The entire range received softer suspension settings for increased comfort, but these were tightened up again during the 1982 model year.
Sedans of this generation were also assembled in New Zealand in three versions – four-speed manual base, three-speed automatic mid range and five-speed manual "Limited." Facelift models were much the same but some had velour upholstery and tinted glass. In 1982, Mazda New Zealand offered a locally assembled limited edition model called the Anniversary to mark 10 years of local build. Based on the Limited, this model had larger US-style bumpers, additional driving lights in the grille, a standard AM radio plus alloy wheels and unique velour upholstery. This was also the first locally built Mazda to have a laminated windscreen as standard.
In Australia, the CB series was launched in December 1978. It was available as a four-door sedan in three trim levels and as a two-door Super Deluxe hardtop. The engine was the 2.0-litre inline-four engine available with three transmissions. The Deluxe model added cloth-inserted seats, push button radio, bumper rubber inserts, rubber body side protection mouldings, intermittent wipers, chrome wheel rings, map reading lights, and seat back map pockets. The Super Deluxe added halogen headlamps, window tint, FM radio, bumper overriders, and electronic safety check panel. For the facelift model from 1980 in Australia, the base "Standard" model was renamed "Special", while the sedan and hardtop Super Deluxe trims each received unique wheel trims. A rear folding armrest, central locking and sunroof were added to the Super Deluxe sedan. Another minor update in 1981 changed the wheel designs for the Super Deluxe.

Model	Engine	Power	Torque
World	1,586 cc NA I4
World	1,970 cc MA I4
Japan	1,586 cc NA I4
Japan	1,769 cc VC I4
Japan	1,970 cc MA I4
North America	1,970 cc MA I4

Third generation (GC; 1982–1987)

In September 1982, the third-generation Capella was released using the new front-wheel-drive Mazda GC platform. As before, the international version was named the 626, with this version being named Import Car of the Year by Motor Trend magazine, the Car of the Year Japan award in 1982, and Car of the Year by Wheels magazine for 1983. It came in fifth in the 1984 European Car of the Year, the highest finish up to that date for a Japanese car. It immediately sold very well across Europe.
Sedan and coupé bodystyles were offered as before, with – due to demand – a five-door hatchback variant added. Inline-four engines displacing 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 litres were offered, with the 2.0-litre also available with a turbo and. In September 1983 a 2.0-litre diesel was added to the lineup. In other regions including Finland, the 626 offered with a twin barrel carburetor. The Swiss market only received a 2-litre version, with the lower power a result of different emissions standards. In addition to the commonly seen model, there was also a short-nosed version with smaller headlamps and a larger grille, which necessitated a different bonnet as well. This model was sold in Southeast Asia and Oceania and possibly other markets including the GCC countries. A dealer optional model with the front end and pop-up headlights from the Mazda 929/Cosmo was also available to special customers in Indonesia.
The rear suspension was now independent, and though the wheelbase remained the same as the previous model, it was an entirely different car. A SOHC non-turbo diesel 2.0-litre RF engine was made available; twenty examples were imported officially into Australia from 1983 to 1987. The diesel also benefitted from ventilated brakes up front and a variable ratio steering rack, to minimize the effects of the additional weight. European markets also received a 1.6-litre F6 engine. The placement of the power window controls was on the centre console, ahead of the gear shift/automatic transmission gear selector, as opposed to the traditional installation of the window switches on the respective doors.
Ford Asia Pacific also sold the 626 as the Ford Telstar from 1983 in place of the European-sourced Ford Sierra, although Ford New Zealand did offer the Sierra wagon after the long best-selling Cortina estate car was discontinued, on account of the Mazda's lack of an equivalent model. Available in both 1.6- and 2.0-litre versions, the Sierra wagon was released in May 1984.
Mazda New Zealand initially assembled 626 "short nose" 1.8-litre four-door sedan and a "long nose" 2.0-litre five-door model with a higher trim level including a digital instrument panel. A small number of two-door coupés were imported built-up from Japan. Laminated windscreens were now standard. A midlife facelift for the 1985 model year brought a completely new dashboard with orange digital LCD electronic displays in top models and the sedan now had the long nose and 2.0-litre engine. Ford's Telstar received similar changes.
The new 2.0-litre FE engine was up to for the North American market, where the car received larger bumpers and sealed-beam headlights as per federal regulations. A 626 GT was introduced in 1986 using the and FET engine. The rest of the line got a new front clip with dual headlights and an entirely new interior, and fuel injection on the base engine meant. A new four-speed automatic, some trim changes, and five new colours were introduced for 1987, the last model year of this series.
The GC, locally assembled by Sigma, was released in South Africa in 1983. Due to a local content programme then in force, a facelifted version continued in production by Samcor until 1993. This featured the front end of the GD coupé, but with amber lens indicators and a blanked-off grille, as well as the rear lights from the Ford Telstar, which was not sold locally, Ford still offering the Sierra. The GD was not sold in South Africa, although it was assembled in neighbouring Zimbabwe by Willowvale Motor Industries in both sedan and wagon versions. The 626 L entered production in Colombia with CCA in May 1984, as a four-door sedan equipped with the 92 PS 1.8-litre engine. The LX and GLX versions followed in 1985, with the GLX coupé receiving the 102 PS 2.0-litre engine and more luxurious equipment including power steering and windows, as well as digital instrumentation. In the first quarter of 1986 the range was facelifted: the taillights were revised and the hatchback and coupé received new, larger bumpers. The L was the only model left with the 1.8 engine as the LX was now a 2-litre, closer to the coupé in its specifications. The GC-series continued to be available until the beginning of 1988, when the next generation 626 replaced it.

Market	Model	Years	Engine	Power	Torque	Notes
North America	Base	1983–1985	2.0 L FE I4
North America	Base	1986–1987	2.0 L FE I4			EGi
North America	GT/Turbo	1986–1987	2.0 L FET I4
Rest of the world	1.6	1983–1985	1.6 L F6 I4
Rest of the world	1.6	1985–1987	1.6 L F6 I4
Rest of the world	1.8	1983–1987	1.8 L F8 I4			Not in Europe
Rest of the world	2.0	1983–1987	2.0 L FE I4
Rest of the world	2.0	1983–1987	2.0 L FE I4			Sweden
Rest of the world	2.0	1983–1986	2.0 L FE I4			Switzerland, Australia
Rest of the world	2.0	1986–1987	2.0 L FE I4			two-way catalytic converter
Rest of the world	2.0	1985–1987	2.0 L FE I4			EGi, three-way catalytic converter
Rest of the world	2.0	1985–1986	2.0 L FE I4			EGi, Switzerland
Rest of the world	2.0	1985–1987	2.0 L FE I4			EGi, GT trim level
Rest of the world	Diesel	1984–1987	2.0 L RF I4			62–67 PS depending on market/year