May 1920


The following events occurred in May 1920:

May 1, 1920 (Saturday)

  • A game between the Boston Braves and the Brooklyn Robins lasted 26 innings, setting a major league record that still stands. The score was tied, 1 to 1, after nine innings and then continued for 17 scoreless innings, before being called for darkness. On May 8, 1984, a 7 to 6 win by the Chicago White Sox over the Milwaukee Brewers went 25 innings.
  • International Labor Day celebrations in Paris degenerated into riots and a nationwide railway strike began across France. In most locations around the world, the May Day observances were peaceful
  • The U.S. Department of War announced that it had discharged 180,581 U.S. Army reserve soldiers since the November 11, 1918, armistice, and that 2,490 others had resigned.
  • Born: Louis Siminovitch, Canadian molecular biologist and pioneer in human genetics; in Montreal
  • Died: Princess Margaret of Connaught, 38, English princess who was married to Gustav, Crown Prince of Sweden, died of sepsis following a mastoidectomy.

May 2, 1920 (Sunday)

May 3, 1920 (Monday)

May 4, 1920 (Tuesday)

May 5, 1920 (Wednesday)

  • Nicola "Mike" Sacco and Bartolomeo "Bert" Vanzetti were arrested in Brockton, Massachusetts, for the April 15 murder in Boston of a payroll clerk and his guard. On April 18, a car seen fleeing the scene of the murder had been dropped off at the Elm Square Garage in West Bridgewater by four men. Police waited for more than two weeks for someone to pick up the car on May 5, the four men came to get the car, then departed after the garage keeper tried to stall them. Two fled on motorcycles, and the other two climbed on to a streetcar that was traveling toward Brockton. Two Brockton officers then stopped the trolley and arrested Sacco and Vanzetti, who matched the description given of the visitors to the garage. Both suspects were carrying pistols, and were detained without bail on concealed weapons charges. Sacco and Vanzetti would spend the rest of their lives in prison until their executions in 1927.
  • The Allied Powers gave Hungary until May 16 to agree to a separate peace treaty.
  • Born: Jon Naar, British-born American photographer; in London

May 6, 1920 (Thursday)

  • Mike O'Dowd, the world middleweight boxing champion, lost his title to a relatively-unknown challenger, Johnny Wilson, in a 12-round decision in Boston. "The defeat of O'Dowd was a big surprise," a wire service reporter wrote, "for Wilson has been boxing no better than second rate boxers in New England cities." Wilson, who had been in only three professional bouts before meeting O'Dowd, would hold the world title for more than three years.
  • Born: Sir Kamisese Mara, Fijian politician, first Prime Minister of Fiji from 1970 to 1987, second President of Fiji from 1993 to 2000; in Lomaloma, island of Vanua Balavu
  • Died: Leonida Bissolati, 63, Italian socialist activist and member of the Chamber of Deputies, died of pneumonia while recovering from surgery.

May 7, 1920 (Friday)

May 8, 1920 (Saturday)

May 9, 1920 (Sunday)

May 10, 1920 (Monday)

May 11, 1920 (Tuesday)

  • The town of Jackson, Wyoming— now a popular ski resort commonly referred to by the name of the valley, Jackson Hole—- became the first American municipality to elect a government composed entirely of women, as a slate of five female candidates was favored by a 2-to-1 majority over five male candidates. Grace Miller was elected Mayor, and Mae Deloney, Genevieve Van Fleck, Faustina Haight and Rose Crabtree were elected to the city council.
  • The French government of Premier Millerand moved to dissolve the General Federation of Labor.
  • Poland and Ukraine recaptured Odessa from the Soviets.
  • The proposed treaty created at the San Remo conference was presented to Ottoman Empire officials at Paris.
  • The U.S. Senate approved an alternative to the Knox peace resolution in order to eliminate any reference to the Treaty of Versailles.
  • Born: Denver Pyle, American actor and director; in Bethune, Colorado
  • Died:
  • *James "Big Jim" Colosimo, 42, Italian-born, American gangster in the Chicago underworld; shot and killed in an ambush by his lieutenant
  • *W. D. Howells, 83, American novelist and playwright; died of influenza

May 12, 1920 (Wednesday)

May 13, 1920 (Thursday)

  • Despite serving a federal prison term for violation of U.S. espionage laws during World War I, Eugene V. Debs of Indiana was nominated as the Socialist Party of America presidential candidate for 1920. On May 29, Debs accepted the nomination at the Atlanta Penitentiary, while wearing his prison uniform, in "a scene unique in the history of American politics— the tendering of a nomination for the Presidency of a nation to a man serving a prison term for violating the laws of that nation, a man whose prison term would outlast two terms as President if he were elected, who can make no campaign addresses, who will not be permitted even to issue campaign statements or to write political letters."
  • U.S. President Wilson vetoed an attempt by Congress to exercise control over the printing of all government publications. The measure had been included in an appropriations bill to fund the government for the 1921 fiscal year that would start on July 1, and proposed to give Congress control of printing and "all government mimeographing, multigraphing and other duplication processes, other than official correspondence and office records," including press releases. In his veto message, Wilson said that the bill gave Congress censorship power and that it was "an encroachment on the functions of the Executive branch and incompatible with good government" in the separation of powers. Attempts to override the veto failed the next day when the U.S. House of Representatives was unable to obtain the necessary two-thirds majority in a vote along party lines, with 170 Republicans for and 127 Democrats against.
  • Born: Gareth Morris, British flute player; in Clevedon, Somersetshire

May 14, 1920 (Friday)

  • The Michigan Avenue Bridge over the Chicago River, a bascule bridge was opened to the public in Chicago at 4:00 in the afternoon. Proposed almost 30 years earlier in 1891 as a link between the parks of the north side and south side of the city, the bridge began to be constructed in 1918 and is now called the DuSable Bridge.
  • Warren G. Harding, U.S. Senator for Ohio and a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination, first gave his "Return to normalcy" speech that would become the theme of his successful campaign for U.S. President. Harding's speech to the Home Market Club of Boston forever linked the archaic word "normalcy" to the Harding presidency.
  • Sonoran governor Adolfo de la Huerta, who had toppled the government of President Carranza, called the Mexican Congress into session to ask for the election of a temporary president until constitutional reform could be made.
  • U.S., British and French Navy ships arrived at Veracruz to enforce peace.
  • Most of Mexican President Carranza's cabinet was captured by rebels who seized the train near San Marcos in the Veracruz state. Carranza, however, was able to break through rebel lines and his party took all the minted coins embezzled from the national treasury.

May 15, 1920 (Saturday)

  • The U.S. Senate approved the peace resolution proposal of Senator Philander C. Knox of Pennsylvania. The measure passed, 43 to 38, after three Democrats voted in favor, preventing a 40 to 41 defeat. The Senate then sent it back to the House.
  • Born:
  • *Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Lebanese cleric, Patriarch of the Maronite Church and Roman Catholic Cardinal; in Rayfoun

May 16, 1920 (Sunday)

May 17, 1920 (Monday)

  • Seven months after its founding on October 7, the first airline flight for KLM Royal Dutch Airlines was made. British pilot Jerry Shaw took off from London on a leased De Havilland DH.16 and transported two journalists and a stack of newspapers on the inaugural flight, which landed at the Schiphol Airport at Amsterdam.
  • The United States had only 20 years left before its oil supply would be exhausted, President Wilson warned the U.S. Senate, submitting a report from the State Department. In 1920, the U.S. was the largest oil producer, supplying 69 percent of the world's demand for oil, but had already exhausted 40% of the estimated American oil lands and would, at the current rate of depletion, become dry by 1940 if no further discoveries were made.
  • Born: Lydia Wideman, Finnish skier, Olympic gold medalist for women's cross-country skiing in 1952; in Vilppula

May 18, 1920 (Tuesday)

May 19, 1920 (Wednesday)

May 20, 1920 (Thursday)

May 21, 1920 (Friday)

  • Recently deposed Mexican President Venustiano Carranza was murdered, along with six of his fellow officers, after his encampment was discovered near the town of San Antonio Tlaxcalantongo in the state of Puebla. Two weeks earlier, President Carranza had fled Mexico City as rebel forces had entered the capital. The day before, one of his former officers, Colonel Rodolfo Herrero, approached Carranza's men and offered the former president safe escort to Tlaxcalantongo and took him to lodging. At 4:00 in the morning, Herrero's forces then surrounded the safehouse and fired into it while he was sleeping. Former Ambassador to the U.S. Ignacio Bonillas, whom Carranza had selected as a candidate for the scheduled 1920 presidential election, survived. Along with 32 other officers, Bonillas sent a telegram to the new president, Álvaro Obregón, pledging "We are at your service" and asking permission to bring Carranza's body to the capital for burial. Obregón replied, "It is very strange that a group of officers who vouched their loyalty and honor... should have permitted him to be assassinated instead of complying with your duty."
  • Grover Cleveland Bergdoll, known for being a wealthy army deserter who was serving a jail sentence at the Governors Island prison in New York, escaped from custody after the prison allowed him a furlough to his mother's mansion in Philadelphia. Bergdoll, who had been accompanied by two prison guards, went into a room to answer a ringing telephone on the second floor and then, "leaving the house by some unknown way, he jumped into his own high-powered automobile" and was driven away by his chauffeur."
  • The U.S. House of Representatives approved the Senate peace resolution, 228 to 139, in order to get President Wilson to deliver an expected veto
  • Died: Eleanor H. Porter, 51, American novelist and children's author known for the 1913 classic Pollyanna and its sequel

May 22, 1920 (Saturday)

  • The Civil Service Retirement Act went into effect for all United States government employees, and would serve as a model for future government-mandated plans for American retirement systems funded by mandatory payroll deductions.
  • The Dearborn Independent, a weekly newspaper published by auto manufacturer Henry Ford and distributed through the auto dealerships, printed the first of 91 anti-Semitic editorials reflecting Ford's disdain for Jews. The front page of the May 22 issue carried the article "The International Jew: The World's Problem." Most of the articles were excerpts from the book The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, that were "rewritten and 'Americanized' for a U.S. audience." Twenty consecutive articles had been published by October 2 and were gathered into a book by Ford at the end of the year. The filing of a lawsuit for libel and a boycott of Ford Motor Company products would finally bring a halt to The Dearborn Independent at the end of 1927.
  • Born: Helen Andelin, American feminist, founder of the Fascinating Womanhood Movement; in Mesa, Arizona

May 23, 1920 (Sunday)

  • Paul Deschanel, the President of France, survived a bizarre accident when he fell out the window of the railroad car that was taking him from Paris to Montbrison for an official visit. The presidential train had passed Montargis in the Loiret department when the president was awakened by a draft from an open window beside his bed. Deschanel fell out, but the train had slowed to half of its normal speed of as it approached a branch line, and he was fortunate enough to tumble onto a sandy roadbed, to which "the President undoubtedly owed his escape from death." Walking 2½ kilometers toward the town of Lorcy, the pajama-clad president encountered the trackwalker employed by the PLM railway, a Messr. Lotty, who did not believe him but walked with him to town. The disappearance of Deschanel was not realized by his advisers on the train until the next morning. Deschanel's increasingly erratic behavior afterward would lead to his resignation on September 21.
  • The Communist Union of the Indies, the first communist party in Asia, was founded at Semarang in the Dutch East Indies colony. After being suppressed by Dutch authorities in 1927, the party would re-emerge when the Republic of Indonesia was founded. The Communist Party of Indonesia would be re-established in 1945 but has been banned in Indonesia since 1966.
  • A bounty of 100,000 Mexican pesos for the death or capture of bandit leader Pancho Villa was announced by Governor Tomas Gameros of the state of Chihuahua
  • Born: Helen O'Connell, American big-band singer, known for "Tangerine" and other hits; in Lima, Ohio
  • Died: Svetozar Boroević, 63, Croatian general of the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I

May 24, 1920 (Monday)

  • Adolfo de la Huerta, the Governor of Sonora whose secession started the recent revolution, was selected as the provisional President of Mexico by the national congress. With 252 members of the Mexican Congress obeying General Obregón's order to be present or to lose their offices, balloting lasted for 90 minutes until Huerta received the necessary two-thirds majority. The final vote was 224 for Huerta, and 28 for Pablo González. On the same day, Venustiano Carranza was buried in Mexico City three days after he had been executed. When the train bearing Carranza's body arrived at the capital, 14 of the aides who had fled with him were arrested and lodged in a military prison.
  • Governor Alfred E. Smith of New York signed the "Walker Law", which revolutionized the sport of professional boxing by establishing weight divisions, creating a regulatory commission for enforcement, and setting limits of 15 rounds for bouts. State senator and future New York City Mayor Jimmy Walker had sponsored the legislation, which serve as a model for other U.S. states, as an effort to make money in promotion of the sport. In signing the legislation, Governor Smith commented, "The stress of the times demands healthy and wholesome amusement for the men of the state, and when an amusement can be afforded under such rigid restrictions and control as this bill provides, no possible harm and, on the other hand, a great amount of good can and will result from this enactment."
  • U.S. President Wilson urged Congress to approve American administration of Armenia under a League of Nations Mandate, a plan which the U.S. Senate rejected eight days later by a 52 to 23 vote.

May 25, 1920 (Tuesday)

  • The final presidential primary election of the 1920 U.S. presidential campaign was held, as Republican West Virginia voters favored their U.S. Senator, Howard Sutherland. With only two weeks left until the start of the Republican National Convention, General Leonard Wood was the front runner, with 151 of the 984 delegates, and U.S. Senator Hiram Johnson of California was second with 110. Governor Frank Lowden of Illinois had 75 and U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio had his state's 39. The vast majority of delegates remained uninstructed and were to be awarded in state conventions in the week before the convention opener. Two thirds, or 656 delegates, were needed to captured the nomination
  • Born: Arthur Wint, Jamaican athlete, first Olympic gold medalist to represent Jamaica, winner of the 400 meter dash in 1948; in Plowden, Manchester Parish

May 26, 1920 (Wednesday)

  • Edward, Prince of Wales, heir to the British throne and the future King Edward VIII, arrived in Australia for a goodwill tour to convey the thanks of King George V to the Commonwealth for its service during the Great War. Because of heavy fog that had rolled into The Rip, the entrance to Melbourne's Port Phillip Bay, the prince was not able to enter on the Royal Navy battle cruiser HMS Renown. A crowd of 750,000 waited for hours until HMAS Anzac, recently put into the service of the Royal Australian Navy, took the prince and the rest of the royal party on board. Prince Edward finally set foot on Australian ground at 3:50 in the afternoon, at the pier at St Kilda.
  • Mexican Army General Rodolfo Herrero, who had carried out the murder of former President Carranza in violation of the orders of President Obregon, surrendered at Coyutla in the Veracruz state and was taken to Mexico City for questioning.
  • Born:
  • *Peggy Lee, American pop music singer, songwriter, and Grammy Award winner; in Jamestown, North Dakota, United States
  • *John Dall American stage and film actor; in New York City

May 27, 1920 (Thursday)

  • U.S. President Wilson vetoed the Knox Peace Resolution, which had declared a state of peace to exist between the U.S. and the former empires of Germany and Austria-Hungary. "The resolution seeks to establish peace with the German Empire," President Wilson wrote, "without exacting from the German Government any action by way of setting right the infinite wrongs which it did to the peoples whom it attacked... Have we sacrificed the lives of more than 100,000 Americans and ruined the lives of thousands of others and brought upon thousands of American families an unhappiness that can never end for purposes which we do not now care to state or take further steps to attain?"
  • With a capital at Kazan, the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established within the Russian SFSR, granting limited self rule for about 1,500,000 of 4.2 million Tatars who lived in Russia. The Republic of Tatarstan continues to exist as a federal subject of the Russian Federation.
  • President Wilson commuted the death sentence of captured German spy Lothar Witzke, who had been convicted of espionage after his capture in 1918, to life imprisonment. Witzke would later be pardoned by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge.

May 28, 1920 (Friday)

  • With a margin of only 219 to 152, the House failed to obtain the two-thirds majority to override President Wilson's veto of the Knox peace resolution.
  • Troops from Greece began the occupation of Bulgarian Thrace, a part of the disbanded Ottoman Empire that had been claimed also by the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
  • Born: Gene Levitt, American TV producer, creator of Fantasy Island; in Brooklyn, New York City

May 29, 1920 (Saturday)

  • Tomáš Masaryk, who had been serving as the provisional president of Czechoslovakia since its formation in 1918, was formally approved as President of Czechoslovakia at the opening of the first elected Parliament of the Czechoslovak Republic. Masaryk received 284 votes, to 61 for a German minority candidate, Senator August Naegle.
  • The Senate investigation of pre-convention campaign expenditures determined that General Leonard Wood had spent the most money of all candidates, with $1,180,043 to secure the Republican nomination. Governor Frank Lowden was second, having spent $414,984.
  • The first worldwide sports broadcast was made as the U.S. Navy transmitted updates of the year's "Army-Navy baseball game" by wireless radio to U.S. Army and U.S. Navy bases around the globe, and to ships at sea. The game was played at Annapolis, Maryland, between the host United States Naval Academy and the United States Military Academy of West Point and the play-by-play was transmitted to the U.S. Department of War offices in Washington, D.C.; approved summaries were then relayed to the Naval Communications Office in Annapolis, which in turn relayed them to San Diego for transmission to 'the island possessions', to Alaska, China, and Siberia, and to ships in the Pacific. The results were relayed from the naval radio station at Sayville, New York, for transmission to "the West Indies and the Canal Zone, and all the ships flying the United States flag, from home waters to Constantinople and the Black Sea." The baseball game, never as popular as the Army-Navy football game, was unexciting, in that Navy took an 11 to 0 lead into the ninth inning, where Army scored its lone run.
  • In England, flash floods killed 23 people in the Lincolnshire town of Louth.
  • Born:
  • *John Harsanyi, Hungarian-born American economist; in Budapest
  • *Clifton James, American film actor; as George Clifton James, in Spokane, Washington

May 30, 1920 (Sunday)

May 31, 1920 (Monday)

  • S.S. Selma, the largest of only 12 concrete ships built for the United States during World War I, was cracked beyond repair after it struck a jetty outside of the harbor of Tampico in Mexico, leaving a gash. Because the experimental concrete ship program had been discontinued when the war closed, no technology had been developed to repair a concrete ship. The useless hull of the Selma was towed to a site near Pelican Island off of the coast of Texas and scuttled on March 9, 1922.