Maurice Curé
Maurice Curé was one of the founders of the Labour Party in Mauritius in 1936.
Early life
Jules Maurice Curé was born on 3 September 1886. He completed his secondary education at Royal College Curepipe where he was a "Laureate" in 1906, along with his peers Fernand Maingard and E. Osmond Barnard. He travelled to England at the age of 20 to study medicine under scholarship.Political career before launching the Labour Party
Soon after returning to Mauritius in 1913 Curé joined Dr Eugène Laurent's party Action Libérale and as a result he was appointed as Medical Doctor of the Municipality of Port Louis. He also joined the Retrocessionist Party which advocated that Mauritius should be turned into a colony of France rather than England. This made him an enemy of the Franco-Mauritian oligarchy which favoured England over France as the parent state. Curé was even prosecuted as an enemy of the state for his standpoint.Curé was defeated in the 1924 municipal elections of Port Louis by his former comrades of the Retrocessionist Party. From 1934 to 1936 he was a councillor at the Municipal Council of Port Louis. He was only elected once to the Council of Government in the 1934 by-elections when he defeated Oligarchy's candidate Amédée Hugnin. He was defeated in the general elections held in 1921, 1926, 1931 and 1936.
Founder of the Labour Party (Mauritius)
Following his defeat at the General Elections of January 1936 in the district of Plaines Wilhems Dr Maurice Curé decided to form a new political organisation which could best defend the cause of the workers. Thus on 23 February 1936, and with the assistance of Jean Prosper, Mamode Assenjee, Hassenjee Jeetoo, Barthelemy Ohsan, Samuel Barbe, Emmanuel Anquetil, Godefroy Moutia and Dajee Rama, Dr Maurice Curé registered and launched the Labour party which advocated the improvement of working conditions of the labourers and artisans. Soon the team's countrywide campaign increased the awareness of the Indo-Mauritian labourers about the need for fairer representation and compensation. As the leader of the Labour party Dr Maurice Curé toured the island to hold public meetings and to claim major reforms.1937 UBA riots and 1938 Dockers' Strike
Dr Curé's new approach surprised the establishment which was led by aristocratic Governor Sir Bede Clifford. British colonial policy in Mauritius was to maintain unquestionable loyalty of Indo-Mauritians to British rule. Prior to the Labour Party's new campaign Eugène Laurent's Action Libérale had urged Indians to register as voters, but only to raise the Secretary of State Lord Crewe's concerns about the threat of arousing Indo-Mauritians' interest in politics. A year later the Uba riots of 1937 at Union Flacq Sugar Estate, which resulted in 6 dead and more wounded labourers, left no option for Governor Sir Bede Clifford other than to instigate the Hooper Commission of Inquiry to prevent a worsening of the situation.In September 1938 the dockers' strike in Port Louis crippled the national economy as 3000 dockers refused to load and unload ships at the island's only harbour. A violent crackdown by the establishment followed which resulted in Curé being placed under house arrest in Curepipe for 12 days. His colleague and trade unionist Emmanuel Anquetil was arrested at his home in Rose-Hill, jailed at Line Barracks in Port Louis, before being deported for 2.5 months to Rodrigues with his son onboard British warship MV Bontekoe. The remaining leaders of the Labour Party were also targeted as Pandit Sahadeo was placed under house arrest, Assenjee, Marc Abel, and Emile Pitchen were subjected to strict police surveillance. Furthermore 287 striking dockers were arrested and jailed by the colonial police. Newspapers Le Mauricien and Le Cernéen adopted a neutral stance by neither supporting the strike action, nor criticising the government's crack-down.