Matucana
Matucana is a genus of cacti, containing approximately 20 species of mostly globular plants. The genus is known only from Peru, mostly along the Marañón River.
Some species are endangered due to collection for the specialist market.
Description
Plants within this genus may be identified by the distinctive structure of their fruits, which are marked by vertical splits that release their seeds upon maturity. The overall body shape, spination, offset production, and preferred habitat exhibit considerable variability, mirroring the diverse nature of the flowers within the genus. Species of Matucana have low, globose or shortly cylindrical bodies, either solitary or clustering. The flowers are subapical, usually more or less zygomorphic, diurnal, of various colours, but usually red, yellow or pink. However, a few species, notably M. oreodoxa, have actinomorphic flowers and were placed in a separate genus - Eomatucana - by F. Ritter. They are reported to flower at a young age.Taxonomy
The first species was discovered near the town of Matucana and described as Echinocactus haynii by Christoph Friedrich Otto in 1849. The genus Matucana was erected by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose in 1922 to differentiate it from the diverse Echinocactus genus.Species
, the following species were accepted:| Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
| Matucana aurantiaca Buxb. | Peru. | |
| Matucana aureiflora F.Ritter | Peru. | |
| Matucana borchersii G.J.Charles | Peru | |
| Matucana charlesiorum Hoxey | Peru | |
| Matucana chrysacantha Hoxey & G.J.Charles | Peru | |
| Matucana formosa F.Ritter | Peru. | |
| Matucana gigantea G.J.Charles | Peru | |
| Matucana haynii Britton & Rose | Peru. | |
| Matucana hoxeyi G.J.Charles | Peru. | |
| Matucana huagalensis Bregmann, Meerst., Melis & Pullen | Peru. | |
| Matucana intertexta F.Ritter | Peru. | |
| Matucana klopfensteinii Cieza & Pino | Peru. | |
| Matucana krahnii Bregmann | Peru. | |
| Matucana madisoniorum G.D.Rowley | Peru. | |
| Matucana oreodoxa Slaba | Peru. | |
| Matucana ostolazae Pino & L.E.Alomía | Peru | |
| Matucana paucicostata F.Ritter | Peru. | |
| Matucana peruviana G.J.Charles | Peru | |
| Matucana pughii G.J.Charles | Peru. | |
| Matucana pujupatii Bregmann | Peru. | |
| Matucana rebutiiflora G.J.Charles | Peru. | |
| Matucana ritteri Buining | Peru. | |
| Matucana roseiflora G.J.Charles & Hoxey | Peru. | |
| Matucana tuberculata Bregman, Meerst., Melis & A.B.Pullen | Peru. | |
| Matucana weberbaueri Backeb. | Peru. |