Football in Belgium
Association football is the most popular sport in Belgium, which has been played since the end of the 19th century. Around 60% of Belgians are considered football fans. Neighbouring countries with an equal or higher percentage are France, Germany and the Netherlands. The national association was founded in 1895 with the intention of bringing some order and organization to the sport. The first match of the Belgium national team was played on 1 May 1904, a 3–3 draw against France.
Traditionally, the clubs Anderlecht, Club Brugge and Standard Liège are the three most dominant domestic teams, all of them also having played and/or won one or more UEFA competitions final.
National style
Both the national football team and the top Belgium division have a reputation for physical play. This came as a result of a lack of technically skilled foreign players allowed to play in Belgium due to legal restrictions. This changed after the Bosman ruling which forced the liberalization of the football player market in Europe. In response, Belgian clubs began to buy unknown players from Eastern Europe, South America and Africa. This had two contradictory consequences. On the one hand, the national team was weakened by the reduced opportunity for native Belgium players to gain a spot on domestic teams. On the other hand, the Jupiler League reinforced its status as an entry league for players who then move on to some of the greatest European clubs.Indeed, some of the most talented players in Europe have played in Belgian clubs, including Yaya Touré, Jean-Pierre Papin, Daniel Amokachi, Antolín Alcaraz and David Rozehnal were discovered at Club Brugge; Sunday Oliseh and Victor Ikpeba at RFC Liège; Jan Koller, Nii Lamptey and Aruna Dindane at Anderlecht; and Mido at Gent.
Others who began or launched their professional careers in Belgium include William Carvalho, Emmanuel Eboué, Romaric, Gervinho, Didier Zokora, Arthur Boka, Ivica Dragutinović, Mario Stanić, Morten Olsen, Dorinel Munteanu, André Cruz, Seol Ki-hyeon, Kennet Andersson, Klas Ingesson, Aaron Mokoena, Michaël Ciani, Nicolás Pareja, Oguchi Onyewu, Rabiu Afolabi, Cheick Tioté, Peter Odemwingie, Joseph Yobo, Ouwo Moussa Maazou, Milan Jovanović, Ognjen Vukojević, Ivan Perišić, Nikica Jelavić, Demba Ba, Dante, Bryan Ruiz and Rob Rensenbrink.
Because of the physical nature of Belgian football, it has tended to primarily produce talented defensive players. These include Jean-Marie Pfaff, Eric Gerets, Leo Clijsters, Michel Preud'homme, Georges Grün, Philippe Albert, Franky Van Der Elst, Vincent Kompany and Thomas Vermaelen. In comparison, only few attacking Belgian footballers have received international recognition: Enzo Scifo, Jan Ceulemans, Marc Degryse, Luc Nilis and Émile Mpenza.
However, this latter trend is slowly starting to change, with Belgium producing such offensive talents as Romelu Lukaku, Eden Hazard, Mousa Dembélé, Christian Benteke, Kevin Mirallas, Marouane Fellaini, Kevin De Bruyne and Dries Mertens, among others.
Clubs
Matricule numbers
With football's rapid growth in popularity in the late 19th century, several football clubs came into existence in Belgium. In 1926, the Royal Belgian Football Association decided to introduce matricule numbers to tell the clubs apart and assigned a matricule to each existing club by order of registration. In this manner, Antwerp was awarded matricule number 1 as the first to register. As such, the oldest clubs in Belgium typically have the lowest matricule numbers, although there are clubs which registered many years after their origination and as a result have a much higher matricule than would be expected. Many clubs, especially those with very low numbers, consider their matricule number part of their heritage and past and prominently feature it in their logo or even name. In case a club dissolves, the matricule number of this club is removed permanently and lost forever as numbers are never reused.In case of mergers, the new club must decide which matricule number to keep, it normally begins the championship at the level where the former club with the same matricule number should have begun the season. Typically, mergers result in the most famous club's matricule being kept alive. However, it has often occurred that a club with a glorious past or even championship titles had to merge with another less successful club in order to survive, often due to financial difficulties. In this case, the matricule number of the club, and the honours linked to it, were lost with the merger. As an examples, in the late 1990s, seven-time champion Beerschot V.A.C.|K. Beerschot VAC] was struggling with financial difficulties in the third division and merged with then first division neighbour club KFC Germinal Ekeren to survive. The new club was named KFC Germinal Beerschot Antwerpen and started in the first division with the matricule number of KFC Germinal Ekeren, but lost the honours of K Beerschot VAC. The new club did keep playing in the Beerschot stadium and wore the purple shirt for which Beerschot was famously known. Another famous example is that of five-time champion Daring Club de Bruxelles' merger with RR White into R White Daring Molenbeek in 1973.
From the 2010s, matricules have been sold and traded, with clubs wanting to take over the position in a series of another club acquiring these matricules in order to quickly move up one or more divisions. Examples include BX Brussels, which acquired the matricule of Bleid-Gaume in 2013, with the intent to transform and move the club from Bleid to Brussels, over 200 kilometres away. The Royal Belgian Football Association therefore enforced a new rule in 2016, stating that after a takeover, a club cannot move more than 30 kilometres from its original location.
From 2017, the Belgian FA enforced another rule, which allows clubs to buy back their old defunct matricule, which was first done by Lyra who acquired the matricule 52 of the old defunct Lyra. In 2018, Oud-Heverlee Leuven, which is the result of a merger of three clubs around the city of Leuven, changed its matricule number 6142 back to number 18 to honour the glorious past of its eldest predecessor.
The first few matricule numbers are:
- Royal Antwerp
- Daring Brussels
- Club Brugge
- RFC Liégeois
- R. Léopold Uccle Forestoise
- Racing Club de Bruxelles
- K.A.A. Gent
- R.C.S. Verviétois
- R. Dolhain F.C.
- R. Union Saint-Gilloise
Naming
A Belgian club's name usually includes the name of the town where the club plays as well as a prefix and/or suffix. Since Belgians speak three languages, French and Dutch being the main ones and German being the third official language, Belgian teams may use either language as the basis for their names. For historical reasons, many Flemish clubs changed their names from French to Dutch between the beginning of the 20th century and the late 1960s. Additionally, many clubs have experienced frequent name changes. Reasons for these include a language change, a merger, an anniversary, etc. Because of the numerous mergers between Belgian clubs, team names sometimes combine several town names which reflect mergers. In recent history, clubs representing immigrant communities have come into existence and sometimes use names that are in neither of Belgium's official languages.Finally, a team which exists for at least 50 years may add the prefix "Royal" to its name. Before 1958, this right was given to any team that celebrated its 25th year of existence. Between 1958 and 1968, the rule was changed to grant the title to any team with at least 35 years of existence. Since 1968, the time limit has increased to 50 years.
The following is a partial list of common football club name prefixes and suffixes in Belgium's three official languages.
| Name | French | Dutch | German |
| Athletic Association | Association Athlétique | Atletieke Associatie | Athletikverband |
| Athletic Club | Athletic Club | Atletiek Club | Athletik Klub or Athletik Club |
| Daring Club | Daring Club | Daring Club | Daring Club |
| Excelsior | Excelsior | Excelsior | Excelsior |
| Football Association | Association Football | Voetbal Vereniging | Fußballverband |
| Football Club | Football Club | Voetbalklub or Voetbalclub | Fußballverein |
| Racing Club | Racing Club | Racing Club | Racing Club |
| Royal | Royale | Koninklijke | Königliche |
| Royal Society | Société Royale | Koninklijke Maatschappij | Königliche Gesellschaft |
| Sport Association | Association Sportive | Sportvereniging | Sportverband |
| Sport Circle | Cercle Sportif | Sportkring or Cercle | Sportkreis |
| Sport Club | Sporting Club | Sportingklub/Sportklub or Sportingclub/Sportclub | Sportingverein/Sportverein or Sportclub/Sportingclub |
| Union | Union | Eendracht | Eintracht |
European results
Anderlecht and KV Mechelen have won a European competition. Here is a list of the winners and runners-up by competition:- UEFA Champions League:
- *Final:
- **Club Brugge
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:
- *Wins:
- **Anderlecht
- **KV Mechelen
- *Finals:
- **Anderlecht
- **Standard Liège
- **Royal Antwerp
- UEFA Cup:
- *Wins:
- **Anderlecht
- *Finals:
- **Club Brugge
- **Anderlecht
- Inter-Cities Fairs Cup:
- *Final:
- **Anderlecht
- European Super Cup:
- *Wins:
- **Anderlecht
- **KV Mechelen
Football in Belgium by province
Under the first four levels in the Belgian [football league system|league system], the competition is organized by the Provinces of Belgium, with the notable exception of the three entities that were created from the 1995 breakup of the former Province of Brabant – Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant and the Brussels Capital Region – whose clubs are split into two former Province of Brabant wide leagues, one Flemish-speaking and one French-speaking.West Flanders
As of the 2025–26 season, three clubs from the province of West Flanders play in the Belgian Pro League: Club Brugge, Cercle Brugge and SV Zulte-Waregem. Two clubs from the province play in the Challenger Pro League: Club NXT and KV Kortrijk.East Flanders
Two clubs from the province of East Flanders currently play in the Belgian Pro League: KAA Gent and FCV Dender EH. There are also three clubs from East Flanders playing in the Challenger Pro League: Jong KAA Gent, SK Beveren and KSC Lokeren.Antwerp
Antwerp Province has a long tradition of football. The first Belgian clubs were established in the city of Antwerp.Three clubs from this province currently play in the top flight: Royal Antwerp, KV Mechelen and KVC Westerlo,while Beerschot and Lierse S.K. compete in the Challenger Pro League.
Limburg
Two clubs from Limburg Province currently play in the First Division A: KRC Genk and Sint-Truiden. Additionally, two clubs represent the province in the Challenger Pro League: Lommel SK and Patro Eisden.Brussels Capital Region
Technically-speaking, greater Brussels is not a province but rather a region akin to Flanders and Wallonia. Two clubs from Brussels play in the Pro League: Anderlecht, the country's most successful club to date, and Union Saint-Gilloise, 12 time champions of Belgium, who returned to the top-flight after a 49-year absence by winning the 2020-21 season of the First Division B. They are the current holders of the Belgian Pro League, winning their first Belgian League title in 90 years in the 2024–25 Belgian Pro League. Two Brussels-based clubs also play in the Challenger Pro League: RWDM Brussels and RSCA Futures.The first-ever Belgian League Championship was a competition amongst seven teams, four of which were based in Brussels: Racing Club, Léopold Club Uccle, Sporting Club and Union d'Ixelles. Léopold Club was a club for the nobility and bourgeoisie in Brussels and is still active after no less than four mergers between 1982 and 2001. The latter two clubs ceased to exist in 1897 and 1901 respectively and were replaced by a new Brussels-based club, which would become a dominant force in Belgian football during the following seasons, winning seven titles between 1903 and 1913. The club originally shared a rivalry with Racing Club and later Daring Club, which would go on and win the title in 1912. Later, Anderlecht became their biggest rival for citywide bragging rights.
After World War I, Belgian football was dominated by clubs from the cities of Antwerp and Bruges. From the early 1930s, however, the Brussels-based clubs Union and Daring divided five titles between themselves. The rivalry between the two clubs has inspired a stage play named Bossemans et Coppenolle. Shortly after World War II, Anderlecht replaced Union and Daring as the dominant team in Brussels. Its cross-city rivals at the time were, in succession, Union, Daring and Racing White, later renamed R.W.D.M., still later named FC Brussels. The latter were liquidated in 2014 and revived a year later as RWDM47. White Star Bruxelles, a club from the Brussels suburban region, technically won promotion to the top flight after the 2015-16 season but due to the club's debts, both the Belgian FA and the courts did not award them a licence to practice professional football. As a result, the club were relegated to the First Amateur Division and were ultimately wound up in October 2017.
Flemish Brabant
Only one club from the province of Flemish Brabant is currently active in the top two divisions of Belgian football: Oud-Heverlee Leuven, playing in the Belgian Pro LeagueWalloon Brabant
After the 2018-19 season, AFC Tubize were relegated to the First Amateur Division. No club from Walloon Brabant has played in the top two divisions of Belgian football since then.Hainaut
Two teams from Hainaut Province are currently playing in Belgian Pro League: RAAL La Louvière and Charleroi SC. The Province also has two representatives in the Challenger Pro League: Francs Borains and Olympic Charleroi.Namur
Namur Province is, along with that of Luxembourg, the province with the least prestigious football history in Belgium. Currently, no clubs from the province of Namur are playing in the top two levels of Belgian football. Furthermore, no club from this province has ever played in the top flight.Liège
Liège Province also has a long history in Belgian football. RFC Liège won the first-ever Belgian title in 1896. The club struggled financially during the early years of the 21st century and was eventually dissolved in 2011. A new club was formed, which is currently competing in the Challenger Pro League.Currently, one club from the province competes in Belgian Pro League: Standard Liège. A further three clubs from Liège compete in the Challenger Pro League: the aforementioned RFC Liège, R.F.C. Seraing and KAS Eupen. The latter is the only club from the German-speaking Community of Belgium ever to have competed in the top flight. They first played at the top level in 2010–11 but were relegated after that season. They returned after the 2016–17 season, but were relegated again in 2023-24.
Luxembourg
No clubs from Luxembourg Province play in the top two levels of Belgian football: Excelsior Virton, had won promotion to the Challenger Pro League after the 2018-19 season, but were relegated in 2022-23. No club from this province has ever played in the top flight. Former Belgian international Philippe Albert and current international Thomas Meunier were born in the province.League system
As of the 2016–17 season, the Belgian football league pyramid has nine levels. The FA dramatically overhauled the league system after the 2015–16 season, reducing the number of professional teams to 24 and introducing a nationwide amateur league for the first time.Nationwide leagues:
- Belgian Pro League
- Challenger Pro League – replaced the former Second Division for 2016–17
- Division 1 – introduced for 2016–17
- Division 2
- Division 3
- Provincial Division 1
- Provincial Division 2
- Provincial Division 3
- Provincial Division 4
European competitions
International results by Belgian clubs
Reaching quarter-finals onwards:| Club | Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anderlecht | European Cup/UEFA Champions League UEFA Cup Winners' Cup UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League Inter-Cities Fairs Cup UEFA Conference League UEFA Super Cup UEFA Cup Winners' Cup UEFA Super Cup UEFA Cup Winners' Cup UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League UEFA Conference League UEFA Cup Winners' Cup UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League UEFA Intertoto Cup UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League UEFA Conference League UEFA Intertoto Cup UEFA Intertoto Cup Inter-Cities Fairs Cup UEFA Champions LeagueThe following teams have qualified for the group stage/league phase in the UEFA Champions League:Football outside the Belgian FAOther than the UEFA-affiliated Royal Belgian Football Association, several amateur football leagues exist in Belgium, most at regional levels. These are often called "pub teams' leagues", although this is not entirely correct: far from all clubs represent a pub, as often there are teams enrolled who represent a town or district of a village, a company or another institution. Many amateur leagues exist in Belgium, most of them are region-bound or province-bound. Examples of amateur leagues with a long tradition include the KVV organising provincial leagues in all Flemish provinces save for West-Vlaanderen; the MTSA for the area Dendermonde-Aalst-Denderstreek; the LVVB Melle for the area Wetteren-Ghent ; the LVV Meetjesland for the Meetjesland area and few clubs from Ghent, the Corporative Leagues in several provinces mainly intended for company teams, the WALIVO in the Waasland area, the ABSSA and Travailliste leagues in Brussels and surrounding areas, … The system is complex as some of these regional leagues are affiliated to the Belgian FA but the leagues are totally separate from the league system in the leagues directly run by the Belgian FA. Some other amateur leagues operate totally separate from the Belgian FA with no connection to the Belgian FA in any ways. Amateur leagues are in decline in some areas due to the competition from the general Belgian FA-run leagues and due to long travel distances being unpractical at amateur level. Several clubs who started in amateur leagues have made the transfer to the leagues run directly by the Belgian FA. Some of these clubs even managed to, after a while, reach a relatively high level of the Belgian pyramid. Many amateur leagues in the past were tied to a political ideology, and Catholic, Socialist and Liberal amateur leagues existed. Nowadays most amateur leagues are based upon geographic area rather than on political ideologies.Indoor footballIn Belgium, the Belgian FA also runs a nationwide Futsal league. Clubs are given a matricule number as well, although a separate one than the matricule numbers assigned to the clubs in outdoor football. Usually the letter A is in front of the matricule number to indicate an indoor club. A separate indoor football league is organised by the BZVB, this is not tied to the Belgian FA. Both of these leagues run at the same moment but without any interaction with each other.In addition, Mini Football is popular in Belgium and this league is run by a separate FA dealing with mini football only. Women's footballBoth the Belgian FA and several regional amateur football leagues run a league for women. The league operated by the Belgian FA consists of three nationwide levels, with several levels per province below. The Belgian FA started to organise women's football in the early seventies, due to the UEFA obligating every member FA to organise leagues for women as well as for men. In the beginning the Belgian FA discouraged women to play football and advised them to opt for sports such as volleyball. The first season only existing clubs could enrol a female team in the league. As popularity of women's football grew and more and more teams wanted to play in the league, the Belgian FA dropped the above rule and accepted new clubs to affiliate who only focussed on ladies' football. These clubs are assigned matricule numbers just like any other club, and meanwhile women's football is fully integrated in the Belgian football structure. However, the league is not professional as yet and the national team is amongst the weaker teams in Europe due to other countries such as Germany, Norway, Sweden having fully professional women's leagues. Clubs who have been successful in past or present in Belgian women's football include Brussels Dames '71, Rapide Wezemaal, Astro Begijnendijk, Eva's Kumtich, Sinaai Girls, Standard Fémina Liège, Dames Eendracht Aalst.In the early 2010s, plans existed to develop a new super league where existing clubs with professional men's teams would enroll a women's team. Eventually, the Belgian and Dutch FAs launched a joint top-level league, the BeNe League, in 2012. Before the launch of this league, several famous clubs had created women's teams, such as Club Brugge, Lierse SK, Germinal Beerschot Antwerpen, and St-Truidense VV. After the 2014–15 season, the two countries chose to disband the BeNe League and relaunch their own national top flights; the Dutch revived their women's Eredivisie, while Belgium chose instead to create a totally new top flight, the Super League. Largest Belgian football stadiumsStadiums with a capacity of 20,000 or higher are included.
Most successful clubs overalllocal and lower league organizations are not included.
AttendancesThe average attendance per top-flight football league season and the club with the highest average attendance:
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