Matacoan languages


Matacoan is a language family of northern Argentina, western Paraguay, and southeastern Bolivia.

Family division

Matacoan consists of four clusters of languages: Wichí, Chorote, Nivaĉle, and Maká. Wichí and Chorote constitute a well-supported clade within the family. It has also been proposed that Maká and Nivaĉle form a clade, however, Nivaĉle also shares several innovations with Chorote–Wichí, casting doubt on the validity of the Maká–Nivaĉle clade.
Gordon in Ethnologue divides Wichí into three separate languages and Chorote into two languages.
  • Matacoan
  • * Wichí-Chorote
  • ** Wichí
  • ***Vejoz
  • ***Noktén
  • ***Wiznay
  • ***Matawayo
  • ** Chorote
  • ***Manhui
  • ***Eklenhui
  • * Maká-Nivaclé
  • ** Nivaclé
  • ***Forest Nivaclé
  • ***River Nivaclé
  • ** Maká
  • ***Ma’ká
  • ***''Enimaga''

Mason (1950)

Internal classification by Mason :
  • Mataco-Maca
  • *Mataco
  • **Mataco-Mataguayo
  • ***Mataco
  • ****Guisnay
  • ****Nocten
  • ***Mataguayo
  • ****Northern: Hueshuo, Pesatupe, Abucheta
  • ****Southern: Vejoz
  • **Chorotí-Ashluslay
  • ***Chorotí
  • ***Ashluslay
  • *Macá
  • **Enimagá
  • ***Macá
  • **Guentusé
  • **Cochaboth-Lengua

Nikulin & Carol (2024)

Internal classification by Nikulin & Carol :
  • Mataguayan
  • *Maká
  • **Fisket Ɫeiɫets
  • **Aseptiket Ɫeiɫets
  • *Nivaĉle
  • **Chishamnee Lhavos
  • **Shichaam Lhavos
  • **Yita’ Lhavos
  • *Chorote–Wichí
  • **Chorote
  • ***Iyojwa’aja’
  • ***Iyo’awujwa’–Manjui
  • ****Iyo’awujwa’
  • ****Manjui
  • *****Jlimnájnas
  • *****Jlawá’a Wos
  • **Wichí
  • ***Northwestern Wichí
  • ****’Weenhayek
  • ****Guisnay
  • ****Vejoz
  • ***Southeastern Wichí
  • ****Rivadavia
  • ****Lower Bermejeño

Vocabulary

Loukotka lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Matacoan languages.
glossChorotiChoropíSuhínSotsiagayAshlusláyMatacoVejozNoctenGuisnaiEnimagaMakká
headséteksatíkshutichshatishnu-xletékliteketekoːn-sletákin-hitla
toothsá-huehuetseːutetsauteseuténo-tsoténo-chetezotéoːs-totéʔikon-xeti
waterinátnaːʔateinaatinaːatinátinótguaginatinátgualéiwalü
firehouatitoxitoxitoxitóxitóxitagütaxetáxfeitfat
sunkilénʔkokláihankuklaifünchokʔlaaifingoklaixuálaixualaixualaixuálatátlaxunnu
moonhueläxuéklahiuerklaxiweklahuelaihuäläiguelachigueläivaʔedlaxuwãl
starkatéskatéskatésskatískatäskatésketesfoʔoteki
dognóonuuːxniuʔuxniuʔuxníusidnóxsignagesinaxatsünánunnax
jaguarayäyaáxyáoxyáʔoxiyoxhaiyüxyageyaxharóxkometenax
blacklämiklímklimlimpalüxpelagpeláxfo

Proto-language

Major reconstructions of Proto-Mataguayo include those by Viegas Barros and Nikulin & Carol.

Animal and plant names

The following reconstructions of Proto-Mataguayan animal and plant names are from Nikulin & Carol.
;Abbreviations
  • : reflexes only in Maká and Nivaclé, although the reconstructions are still at the Proto-Mataguayan level
  • : reflexes only in Chorote and Wichí, although the reconstructions are still at the Proto-Mataguayan level