Mat (profanity)


Mat is the term for vulgar, obscene, or profane language in Russian and some other Slavic language communities.

Four pillars of mat

In 2013, Roskomnadzor compiled a list of four lexical roots, with any words derived from these roots - nouns, adjectives, verbs, participles etc. - of the Russian language which it deemed "absolutely unacceptable in the mass media": khuy ; pizda ; yebat' ; and blyad. Roskomnadzor defined the banned terms as follows: "Obscene designation of the male genital organ, obscene designation of the female genital organ, obscene designation of the process of copulation and obscene designation of a woman of dissolute behavior, as well as all linguistic units derived from these words".
David Remnick writes that mat has thousands of variations but ultimately centers on those four words.
Mat-words were included by Polish publisher Jan Baudouin de Courtenay in the 3rd and 4th editions of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, which was printed four times in 1903–1909 and in 1911–1912, 1912–1914. The inclusion of rude and abusive words became an obstacle to the reprinting of this version of the dictionary in the Soviet Union for censorship reasons.

Khuy

Khuy, sometimes transliterated as hui or hooy, means 'cock', 'penis', or for an equivalent colloquial register, 'dick'. The etymology of the term is unclear. Mainstream theories include from Proto-Indo European *ks-u-, related to хвоя, attributed to Pederson, 1908.
From PIE *hau-, related to хвост, attributed to Merlingen, 1955; from Mongolian хуй. This was the etymology endorsed by the Soviet government and attributed to Maxim Gorky, who claimed it was a loan word, imposed during the Mongol yoke.
The first volume of the Great Dictionary of Mat by the Russian linguist and folklorist treats only expressions with the stem хуй, numbering over 500 entries; 12 volumes are planned. The word khuy also appears in various other Slavic languages with the same meaning and pronunciation but not always the same spelling, such as the Polish chuj.
A minor internet meme swept the Russian segment of the internet with a clip from the Chinese play Li Huiniang, where the heroine's name was repeated several times, which for a Russian ear sounds like khuynya, an obscene term for something unknown or unimportant or strange.

Pizda

Pizdá means 'cunt'. A derivative of this word is the interjection and noun pizdets. This word, depending on the situation, can express a vivid form of almost any emotion, ranging from sadness and annoyance, to an expression of joy

Yebát'

Yebát means 'to fuck '. This verb usually expresses a unilateral action and requires a direct object. The mutual action expressed in English with verbs 'to copulate', 'to have intercourse' is rendered in mat by the reciprocal form of the verb, yebátsya : 'to fuck each other'. Historically, women have been perceived as sexually submissive, so the verb mostly refers to an action of a man. In modern times it may refer to a woman's action, in contexts when she initiates the intercourse or plays an active role. See the wiktionary entry for some figurative uses of the word.

Blyád'

Blyád' means 'whore'. In the Old East Slavic the word блѧдь – blyad, meaning: 'deception, nonsense, insane, adulteress', is preserved in the Church Slavonic in three meanings: 'deception, delusion', 'idle talk, trivia' and 'debauchery, adultery'.
To enhance the expressivity, the word may be combined with the non-mat insult suka to form suka, blyád especially among Internet users and memes, an approximate analogue for the expression 'fucking shit'. The term is popular in the Counter-Strike video game community in the stylized form of "rush B, cyka blyat".

History and use

Some claim that the term mat derives from the Russian word for mother, a component of the key phrase Ёб твою мать, yob tvoyu mat. However there is a Russian expression благим матом which has no relation to obscenities, and whose etymology is unsure as well.
Obscenities are among the earliest recorded attestations of the Russian language.
Mikhail Lermontov's 1834 A Holiday in Peterhof is one example of the usage of mat.
The prologue to Luka Mudishchev, probably written at some time in the mid 19th century, was often ascribed to Ivan Barkov, an obscene poet who lived in the 18th century:
Mat is also used in humor or puns by juxtaposing innocent words so that the result will sound as if an obscene word was used. An example is a Don Cossack song cited in And Quiet Flows the Don by Mikhail Sholokhov:


Here Уху я варила may be reinterpreted as У хуя варила or even Ух, хуй я варила.
The contemporaneous use of mat is widespread, especially in the army, police, blue-collar workers, the criminal world, and many other all-male milieus, with particular fervor in the male-dominated military and the structurally similar social strata. An article by Victor Erofeyev analyzing the history, overtones, and sociology of mat appeared in the 15 September 2003 issue of The New Yorker.

Legal issues

In the Soviet Union obscenity was censored in print and in the media, and could be prosecuted as petty hooliganism when used in public places. With the collapse of the Soviet Union censorship of mat stopped, and a number of writers, singers, and actors started using taboo-shattering mat in their works. For example, the singer Sergey "Shnur" Shnurov is notorious of using mat in his songs.
In 2013 mat has been banned in Russia in all mass media, printed and electronic. Since 1 July 2014, mat has been banned in Russia from all movies, theatrical productions, and concerts.
In modern Russia, since the times of the Soviet Union, the use of obscenities in public aggravates a disorderly conduct and may lead to its qualification as petty hooliganism, punishable under article 20.1.1 of the Offences Code of Russia, although there was no clear legal definition what exactly constitutes an obscenity.