Westhoek (region)

Westhoek or Maritime Flanders is a region in Belgium and France and includes the following areas:

Belgian Westhoek including the West Flanders arrondissements of Belgium of Diksmuide, Ypres, and Veurne including the cities of Veurne, Poperinge, Wervik, Ypres, De Panne, Langemark-Poelkapelle, Diksmuide and Koekelare. However, the three Belgian coast municipalities of De Panne, Koksijde, and Nieuwpoort are frequently considered a separate region known as the Belgian or Flemish West Coast.
French Westhoek, roughly the arrondissements of France of Dunkirk, including the cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines, and Hazebrouck, itself part of a larger area known as French Flanders.

Outside Dutch-language sources, Westhoek sometimes refers only to French Westhoek.

French Westhoek

Geography

French Westhoek is the northern part of French Flanders, lying between the river Lys and the North Sea on the Franco-Belgian border. It nearly corresponds with the Arrondissement of Dunkirk but with the some areas of the arrondissement falling outside Westhoek while some areas of traditional Westhoek lie in the neighbouring Department of Pas-de-Calais.
French Westhoek consists of three natural regions:

50px Blootland or the Maritime Plain including Dunkirk, Bourbourg, Bergues, and Hondschoote
50px Houtland, including Wormhout, Cassel, Hazebrouck, and part of Bailleul
50pxThe Lys Valley including Merville, Steenwerck, and part of Bailleul
Language

The traditional language of French Westhoek is a Dutch dialect called West Flemish, the French subdialect of which is known as French Flemish. It was once the dominant language of the region, but a long-time policy of Francization, starting with the introduction of French as the language of education in 1853, has led to the replacement of Dutch with French in the region. Of the population of the approximately 380,000 inhabitants of French Westhoek, there are now between 10,000 and 20,000 daily speakers of West Flemish, many of whom live in the arrondissement and city of Dunkirk, and twice as many who occasionally use the dialect. Flemish was recently recognised as a regional language of France but there are no bilingual street signs and French remains the only official language in the area.
Image:Flemish in the arrondissement of Dunkirk.png|thumb|right|275px|Changes in language in the arrondissement of Dunkirk between 1874 and 1972. Evidently, the Flemish-speaking population has declined considerably since 1972.
The French Flemish dialect has had significant influence on local toponyms. For example, the French Westhoek towns of Robecq and Dunkirk are derived from the Flemish names of Robeke and Duinkerke.

Westhoek (region)

French Westhoek

Geography

Language