Margites


The Margites is a comic mock-epic ascribed to Homer that is largely lost. From references to the work that survived, it is known that its central character is an exceedingly stupid man named Margites, who was so dense he did not know which parent had given birth to him. His name gave rise to the adjective margitomanēs, "mad as Margites", used by Philodemus.
The work, among a mixed genre of works loosely labelled "Homerica" in antiquity, was commonly attributed to Homer, as by Aristotle —"His Margites indeed provides an analogy: as are the Iliad and Odyssey to our tragedies, so is the Margites to our comedies"—and Harpocration. Basil of Caesarea writes that the work is attributed to Homer but that he is unsure regarding this attribution. However, the massive medieval Greek encyclopaedia called the Suda attributed the Margites to Pigres, a Greek poet of Halicarnassus.
It is written in mixed hexameter and iambic lines, an oddity characteristic also of the Batrachomyomachia, which inserts a pentameter line after each hexameter of the Iliad as a curious literary game.
Margites was famous in the ancient world, but only the following lines survive:
Due to the Margites character, the Greeks used the word as an insult to describe foolish and useless people. Demosthenes called Alexander the Great Margites in order to insult and degrade him.