Family of Mao Zedong

The family of Mao Zedong is a prominent political Chinese family. The most well-known member is Mao Zedong, who founded and led the People's Republic of China from 1949 until his death in 1976.

Ancestors

Mao's ancestors were:

Máo Yíchāng, father, courtesy name Máo Shùnshēng or also known as Mao Jen-sheng
Wén Qīmèi, mother. She was illiterate and a devout Buddhist. She was a descendant of Wen Tianxiang.
Máo Ēnpǔ, paternal grandfather
Liú, paternal grandmother
Máo Zǔrén, paternal great-grandfather

Wives

Mao had four wives who gave birth to a total of 10 children:

Luo Yixiu of Shaoshan: married 1907 to 1910
Yang Kaihui of Changsha: married 1920 to 1927, executed by the KMT in 1930; mother to Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Mao Anlong
He Zizhen of Jiangxi: married May 1928 to 1937; mother to 6 children
Jiang Qing, married 1939 until Mao's death; mother to Li Na

Siblings

Mao had several siblings:

Mao Zemin, younger brother, executed by a warlord
Mao Zetan, younger brother, executed by the KMT
Mao Zejian, adopted sister, executed by the KMT

Mao's parents altogether had five sons and two daughters. Two of the sons and both daughters died young, leaving the three brothers Mao Zedong, Mao Zemin, and Mao Zetan. Like all three of Mao Zedong's wives, Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were communists. Like Yang Kaihui, both Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were killed in warfare during Mao Zedong's lifetime. Note that the character zé appears in all of the siblings' given names; this is a common Chinese naming convention.
From the next generation, Mao Zemin's son Mao Yuanxin was raised by Mao Zedong's family, and he became Mao Zedong's liaison with the Politburo in 1975. In Li Zhisui's The Private Life of Chairman Mao, Mao Yuanxin played a role in the final power-struggles.

Children

Mao had a total of ten children, including:

Mao Anying : son to Yang, married to Liú Sīqí, killed in action during the Korean War
Mao Anqing : son to Yang, married to Shao Hua, son Mao Xinyu, grandson Mao Dongdong
Mao Anlong : son to Yang, died during the Chinese Civil War
Mao Anhong: son to He, left to Mao's younger brother Zetan and then to one of Zetan's guards when he went off to war, was never heard of again
Li Min : daughter to He, married to Kǒng Lìnghuá, son Kǒng Jìníng, daughter Kong Dongmei
Li Na : daughter to Jiang, married to Wáng Jǐngqīng, son Wáng Xiàozhī

Mao's first and second daughters were left to local villagers because it was too dangerous to raise them while fighting the Kuomintang and later the Japanese. Their youngest daughter and one other child died in infancy. Two English researchers who retraced the entire Long March route in 2002–2003 located a woman whom they believe might well be one of the missing children abandoned by Mao to peasants in 1935. Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen hope a member of the Mao family will respond to requests for a DNA test.

Grandchildren

Through his ten children, Mao became grandfather to twelve grandchildren, many of whom he never knew. He has many great-grandchildren alive today. One of his granddaughters is businesswoman Kong Dongmei, one of the richest people in China. His grandson Mao Xinyu is a general in the Chinese army. Both he and Kong have written books about their grandfather.