Manuel García (baritone)


Manuel Patricio Rodríguez García, was a Spanish singer, music educator, and vocal pedagogue. He invented the first laryngoscope.

Biography

García was born on 17 March 1805 either in Madrid, as has been traditionally stated, or in the town of Zafra in the province of Badajoz, Spain. His father was singer and teacher Manuel del Pópulo Vicente Rodriguez García. His sisters were Maria Malibran and Pauline Viardot. After abandoning his onstage career as a baritone, García began to teach at the Paris Conservatory and the Royal Academy of Music, London. Jessie Bond, Camille Everardi, Erminia Frezzolini, Julius Günther, Jenny Lind, Mathilde Marchesi, Christina Nilsson, Julia Ettie Crane, Georgina Schubert, Julius Stockhausen, Marie Tempest, Charles Santley and Henry Wood were among his pupils. He invented a laryngoscope in 1854 and the next year published observations of his own larynx and vocal cords made with a small dental mirror introduced into the throat and using sunlight reflected by another mirror. He has been credited with saving the career of Jenny Lind, who had suffered vocal damage from overwork in her early twenties. García was interested in movements connected with the production of the singing voice and did not anticipate the importance of laryngoscopy for medicine. Still, the University of Königsberg conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine He died in London in 1906 at the age of 101 years and was buried in the churchyard of St. Edward's Catholic church in Sutton Green, Surrey. His grave gives details of his many famous pupils and accomplishments.
On 22 November 1832 in Paris García married the operatic soprano Cécile Eugénie Mayer. They had two sons Manuel Gustave and two daughters, Eugenie Harouel and Marie Crèpet. His second son Gustave García was a singer, actor, and author of three books on vocal and stage techniques. Gustave's son, Albert García, studied voice with his great-aunt, became a respected baritone, and produced an edition of his grandfather's treatise on singing.

Works

Mémoire sur la voix humaine présenté à l'Académie des Sciences en 1840. Paris: Duverger, 1847.Ecole de García: traité complet de l'art du chant par Manuel García fils. Mayence, Paris: Schott 1840, 1847.
  • . Lucía Díaz Marroquín and Mario Villoria. Kassel: Reichenberger, 2012. .Garcías Schule oder Die Kunst des Gesanges in allen ihren Theilen vollst. abgehandelt von Manuel García. German text by C. Wirth. Mainz: Schott, 1841; also in two parts in the magazine Caecilia; part 1 in vol. 22, no. 85; part 2 in vol. 26, no. 104 Ecole de García: traité complet de l'art du chant.. Mayence, Paris: Schott 1856.A complete treatise on the art of singing, part two by M. García II. Second part, complete and unabridged, the editions of 1847 and 1872 collated, ed. and transl. by Donald V. Paschke. Reprint of the 1872 edition. New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.. Includes bibliographies.