Mamo Mihretu
Mamo Esmelealem Mihretu is an Ethiopian lawyer and policymaker who served as the 10th Governor of the National Bank of Ethiopia from January 2023 to September 2025.
Prior to his appointment as central bank governor, Mihretu served as a senior policy advisor to the Prime Minister and led the Ethiopian Investment Holdings, the country’s sovereign wealth fund.
Mihretu resigned as Governor on 3 September 2025.
Life and education
Mamo Mihretu holds a degree in law from Addis Ababa University, a Master of Public Administration from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, an LLM in Trade and Investment from the University of Pretoria, and a Diploma in International Trade and Investment from the University of Amsterdam.Career
Mihretu started his career at the World Bank, where he worked on trade policy, investment climate, and economic governance. During his tenure, he helped shape economic policies that supported private sector growth across Ethiopia and sub-Saharan Africa.Upon returning to Ethiopia, he served as a Senior Economic Advisor to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Chief Trade Negotiator. He was instrumental in the rollout of the Home-Grown Economic Reform Agenda.
Governor of the National Bank of Ethiopia
Mihretu was appointed Governor of Ethiopia's Central Bank in January 2023, succeeding Yinager Dessie.Financial Sector Reforms
The banking sector has seen new governance directives, improved financial stability measures, and a push for greater competition, including the planned entry of foreign banks. The NBE has also focused on strengthening financial oversight and encouraging innovation in financial services.
On 3 September 2025, he resigned from NBE governor stating he is motivated to "explore new challenges beyond government service."
Recognition and influence
Mamo Mihretu is widely recognized as one of Africa’s leading economic reformers, playing a crucial role in stabilizing Ethiopia’s economy amid a difficult investment climate.The Economist highlights that many African nations face growing debt burdens and financial shortfalls, making it increasingly hard to attract investment.As The Economist describes, Mihretu is the architect of many of the reforms that attracted global financial institutions to Ethiopia, but he warns that African economies face serious headwinds. He emphasizes:
“The biggest story that nobody is paying attention to” is how hard it has become for African nations to attract the investment they need.
By supporting in efforts in restructuring debt, modernizing financial policies, and opening the banking sector, Mihretu has strengthened Ethiopia’s role as a leader in economic transformation.