List of mammals of California
This is a list of mammals in California, including both current and recently historical inhabitants.
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife monitors certain species and subspecies of special concern. These are mammals whose populations may be locally threatened, but which are excluded from federal and international conservation lists. Taxa of special concern in California are noted below, as are endemic, introduced, harvest, and vagrant species.
There are 227 mammal species listed, including 186 terrestrial and 42 marine.
Opossums
Order: Didelphimorphia, Family: DidelphidaeOne species of opossum occurs in California.
Eulipotyphlans
Order: Eulipotyphla, Family: SoricidaeThirteen species of shrews occur in California.
Order: Eulipotyphla, Family: Talpidae
Five species of moles occur in California.
- American [shrew mole|Shrew-mole], Neurotrichus gibbsii
- Northern broad-footed mole, Scapanus latimanus
- * Alameda Island mole, S. l. parvus
- Southern broad-footed mole
- Coast mole, Scapanus orarius
- Townsend's mole, ''Scapanus townsendii''
Bats
Order: Chiroptera, Family: PhyllostomidaeFour species of leaf-nosed bats occur in California.
- Mexican long-tongued bat, Choeronycteris mexicana
- Southern long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae
- Lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
- California leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus californicus
Nineteen species of vesper bats occur in California.
- Hoary bat, Aeorestes cinereus
- Pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus
- Townsend's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii
- * Pale big-eared bat, C. t. pallescens
- Big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus
- Spotted bat, Euderma maculatum
- Allen's big-eared bat, Idionycteris phyllotis
- Silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans
- Western red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii
- Western yellow bat, Lasiurus xanthinus
- California myotis, Myotis californicus
- Western small-footed myotis, Myotis ciliolabrum
- Long-eared myotis, Myotis evotis
- Little brown myotis, Myotis lucifugus
- Arizona myotis, Myotis occultus
- Fringed myotis, Myotis thysanodes
- Cave myotis, Myotis velifer
- Long-legged myotis, Myotis volans
- Yuma myotis, Myotis yumanensis
- Western pipistrelle, Parastrellus hesperus
Four species of free-tailed bats occur in California.
- Western mastiff bat, Eumops perotis
- * California mastiff bat, E. p. californicus
- Pocketed free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops femorosaccus
- Big free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops macrotis
- Brazilian (or Mexican) free-tailed bat, ''Tadarida brasiliensis''
Lagomorphs
Order: LagomorphaFamily: Ochotonidae
One species of pika occurs in California.
- American pika, Ochotona princeps
Family: Leporidae
Eight species of rabbits and hares occur in California.
- Pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis
- Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus
- * Oregon snowshoe hare, L. a. klamathensis
- * Sierra Nevada snowshoe hare, L. a. tahoensis
- Black-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus californicus
- * San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit, L. c. bennettii
- White-tailed jackrabbit, Lepus townsendii
- European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus
- Desert cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii
- Brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani
- * Riparian brush rabbit, S. b. riparius
- Mountain cottontail, ''Sylvilagus nuttallii''
Rodents
Order: RodentiaFamily: Aplodontiidae
One species of mountain beaver occurs in California.
- Mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa
- * Sierra Nevada mountain beaver, A. r. californica
- * Point Arena mountain beaver, A. r. nigra
- * Point Reyes mountain beaver, A. r. phaea
Family: Sciuridae
Thirty species of squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots occur in California.
Subfamily Sciurinae
- Humboldt's flying squirrel, Glaucomys oregonensis
- * San Bernardino flying squirrel, G. o. californicus
- Northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus
- Eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis
- Western gray squirrel, Sciurus griseus
- Eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger
- Douglas' squirrel, Tamiasciurus douglasii
- White-tailed antelope ground squirrel, Ammospermophilus leucurus
- Nelson's antelope ground squirrel, Ammospermophilus nelsoni
- Yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris
- California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi
- Belding's ground squirrel, Spermophilus beldingi
- Golden-mantled ground squirrel, Spermophilus lateralis
- Mohave ground squirrel, Spermophilus mohavensis
- Round-tailed ground squirrel, Spermophilus tereticaudus
- * Palm Springs round-tailed ground squirrel, S. t. chlorus
- Townsend's ground squirrel, Spermophilus townsendii
- Rock squirrel, Spermophilus variegatus
- Alpine chipmunk, Tamias alpinus
- Yellow-pine chipmunk, Tamias amoenus
- Merriam's chipmunk, Tamias merriami
- Least chipmunk, Tamias minimus
- California chipmunk, Tamias obscurus
- Yellow-cheeked chipmunk, Tamias ochrogenys
- Panamint chipmunk, Tamias panamintinus
- Long-eared chipmunk, Tamias quadrimaculatus
- Allen's chipmunk, Tamias senex
- Siskiyou chipmunk, Tamias siskiyou
- Sonoma chipmunk, Tamias sonomae
- Lodgepole chipmunk, Tamias speciosus
- Uinta chipmunk, Tamias umbrinus
Family: Castoridae
One species of beaver occurs in California.
- American beaver, Castor canadensis
Family: Geomyidae
Five species of pocket gophers occur in California.
- Botta's pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae
- Western pocket gopher, Thomomys mazama
- Mountain pocket gopher, Thomomys monticola
- Northern pocket gopher, Thomomys talpoides
- Townsend's pocket gopher, Thomomys townsendii
Family: Heteromyidae
Twenty-six species of pocket mice and kangaroo rats occur in California.
Subfamily Dipodomyinae
- Pacific (or agile) kangaroo rat, Dipodomys agilis
- California kangaroo rat, Dipodomys californicus
- * Marysville California kangaroo rat, D. californicus eximus
- Desert kangaroo rat, Dipodomys deserti
- Big-eared kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elephantinus
- Heermann's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys heermanni
- Giant kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ingens
- Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami
- * San Bernardino Merriam's kangaroo rat, D. merriami parvus
- Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys microps
- Fresno kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nitratoides
- * Short-nosed kangaroo rat, D. n. brevinasus
- * Tipton kangaroo rat, D. n. nitratoides
- Ord's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii
- Panamint kangaroo rat, Dipodomys panamintinus
- San Diego kangaroo rat, Dipodomys simulans
- Stephens' kangaroo rat, Dipodomys stephensi
- Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, Dipodomys venustus
- Dark kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops megacephalus
- Pale kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops pallidus
- Bailey's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus baileyi
- California pocket mouse, Chaetodipus californicus
- * Dulzura pocket mouse, C. c. femoralis
- San Diego pocket mouse, Chaetodipus fallax
- * Northwestern San Diego pocket mouse, C. f. fallax
- * Pallid San Diego pocket mouse, C. f. pallidus
- Long-tailed pocket mouse, Chaetodipus formosus
- Desert pocket mouse, Chaetodipus penicillatus
- Spiny pocket mouse, Chaetodipus spinatus
- White-eared pocket mouse, Perognathus alticola
- * White-eared pocket mouse, P. a. alticola
- * Tehachapi pocket mouse, P. a. inexpectatus
- San Joaquin pocket mouse, Perognathus inornatus
- * Salinas pocket mouse, P. i. psammophilus
- Little pocket mouse, Perognathus longimembris
- * Palm Springs pocket mouse, P. l. bangsi
- * Los Angeles pocket mouse, P. l. brevinasus
- * Jacumba pocket mouse, P. l. internationalis
- * Pacific pocket mouse, P. l. pacificus
- Great Basin pocket mouse, Perognathus parvus
Family: Cricetidae
Twenty-nine species of voles and New World rats and mice occur in California.
Subfamily Arvicolinae
- White-footed vole, Arborimus albipes
- Red tree vole, Arborimus longicaudus presence uncertain
- Sonoma tree vole, Arborimus pomo
- Western red-backed vole, Clethrionomys californicus
- Sagebrush vole, Lemmiscus curtatus
- California vole, Microtus californicus
- * Monterey vole, M. c. halophilus
- * Mojave River vole, M. c. mohavensis
- * San Pablo vole, M. c. sanpabloensis
- * Amargosa vole, M. c. scirpensis
- * South coast marsh vole, M. c. stephensi
- * Owens Valley vole, M. c. vallicola
- Long-tailed vole, Microtus longicaudus
- Montane vole, Microtus montanus
- Creeping vole, Microtus oregoni
- Townsend's vole, Microtus townsendii
- Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus
- Heather vole, Phenacomys intermedius
- White-throated woodrat, Neotoma albigula
- Bushy-tailed woodrat, Neotoma cinerea
- Dusky-footed woodrat, Neotoma fuscipes
- Desert woodrat, Neotoma lepida
- Large-eared woodrat, Neotoma macrotis
- Northern grasshopper mouse, Onychomys leucogaster
- Southern grasshopper mouse, Onychomys torridus
- Brush mouse, Peromyscus boylii
- California mouse, Peromyscus californicus
- Canyon mouse, Peromyscus crinitus
- Cactus mouse, Peromyscus eremicus
- Northern Baja [deer mouse], Peromyscus fraterculus
- Gambel's deer mouse, Peromyscus gambelii
- Western deer mouse, Peromyscus sonoriensis
- Pinyon mouse, Peromyscus truei
- harvest mouse">Hunting">harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys raviventris
- Western harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis
- Arizona cotton rat, Sigmodon arizonae
- Hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus
Family: Muridae
Three species of Old World rats and mice occur in California.
- House mouse, Mus musculus
- Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus
- Black rat, Rattus rattus
Family: Dipodidae
Two species of jumping mice occur in California.
- Western jumping mouse, Zapus princeps
- Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus trinotatus
Family: Erethizontidae
One species of porcupine occurs in California.
- North American porcupine, ''Erethizon dorsatum''
Whales, dolphins and porpoises
Order: CetaceaFamily: Eschrichtiidae
One species of gray whale occurs in California's waters.
- Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus
Family: Balaenopteridae
Six species of rorquals occur in California's waters.
- Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
- Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei
- Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
- Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
Family: Balaenidae
One species of right whale occurs in California's waters.
Order: Cetacea
Family: Delphinidae
Twelve species of dolphins occur in California's waters.
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis
- Long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis
- Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus
- Northern [right whale dolphin], Lissodelphis borealis
- Killer whale, Orcinus orca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens
- Pacific white-sided dolphin, Sagmatias obliquidens
- Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba
- Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis
- Common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus
Family: Phocoenidae
Two species of porpoises occur in California's waters.
Order: Cetacea
Family: Kogiidae
Two species of small sperm whales occur in California's waters.
- Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps
- Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima
Family: Physeteridae
One species of sperm whale occur in California's waters.
- Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus
Family: Ziphiidae
Seven species of beaked whales occur in California's waters.
- Baird's beaked whale, Berardius bairdii
- Hubbs' beaked whale, Mesoplodon carlhubbsi
- Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris
- Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, Mesoplodon ginkgodens
- Perrin's beaked whale, Mesoplodon perrini
- Stejneger's beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri
- Cuvier's beaked whale, ''Ziphius cavirostris''
Carnivorans
Order: CarnivoraFamily: Canidae
Six species of canids occur in California.
- Coyote, Canis latrans
- Gray wolf, Canis lupus
- *Cascade Mountains wolf, C. l. fuscus
- *Mexican wolf, C. l. baileyi
- *Northwestern wolf, C. l. occidentalis
- Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus
- Island fox, Urocyon littoralis
- Kit fox, Vulpes macrotis
- Red fox, Vulpes vulpes
Family: Ursidae
Two species of bears occurred in California. One was recently extirpated.
- Black bear, Ursus americanus
- Brown bear, Ursus arctos
- *California grizzly bear, U. a. californicus
Family: Procyonidae
Two species of this nocturnal, omnivorous family occur in California.
- Ring-tailed cat, Bassariscus astutus
- Raccoon, Procyon lotor
Family: Mephitidae
Two species of skunks occur in California.
- Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis
- Western spotted skunk, Spilogale gracilis
- * Channel Islands spotted skunk, S. g. amphiala
Family: Felidae
Four species of cats occurred in California. One was recently extirpated.
- Canada lynx, Lynx canadensis
- Bobcat, Lynx rufus
- Jaguar, Panthera onca
- Cougar, Puma concolor
Family: Mustelidae
- Sea otter, Enhydra lutris
- Wolverine, Gulo gulo
- North American river otter, Lontra canadensis
- Pacific marten, Martes caurina
- *Humboldt marten, M. c. humboldtensis
- American ermine, Mustela richardsonii
- Long-tailed weasel, Neogale frenata
- American mink, Neogale vison
- Fisher, Pekania pennanti
- American badger, Taxidea taxus
Family: Otariidae
Four species of eared seals occur in California.
- Guadalupe fur seal, Arctophoca townsendi
- Northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus
- Northern (Steller) sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus
- California sea lion, Zalophus californianus
Family: Phocidae
Four species of earless seals occur in California.
- Northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris
- Ribbon seal, Phoca fasciata
- Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina
- Ringed seal, ''Phoca hispida''
Even-toed ungulates
Order: ArtiodactylaFamily: Antilocapridae
One species of pronghorn occurs in California.
- Pronghorn, Antilocapra americana
Family: Bovidae
Three species of bovid occur in California; one is introduced.
- Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia
- American bison, Bison bison
- Bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis
- * Desert bighorn sheep, O. c. nelsoni
- * Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, O. c. sierrae
Family: Cervidae
Four species of deer and elk occur in California.
- Elk, Cervus canadensis
- * Roosevelt elk, C. c. roosevelti
- * Tule elk, C. c. nannodes
- European fallow deer, Dama dama
- Mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus
- * California mule deer, O. h. californicus
- * Columbian black-tailed deer, O. h. columbianus
- * Southern mule deer, O. h. fuliginatus
- * Inyo mule deer, O. h. inyoensis
Family: Suidae
One species of pig occurs in California.
- Wild boar, ''Sus scrofa''