List of mammals of Borneo


The mammal species of Borneo include 288 species of terrestrial and 91 species of marine mammals recorded within the territorial boundaries of Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. The terrestrial mammals are dominated by the chiroptera and rodents.

Introduction

The high diversity and endemicity of mammals is related to the many niches found in the tropical rain forest of Borneo and past Pleistocene events within the Sundaland region. During interglacial and post-glacial periods, there was migration of animal from the Asian mainland into Borneo and into Sulawesi via the Philippines. Due to lack of favourable habitats and small founder population, some species of animals have become extinct and others have radiated into endemic species. Of the 57 mammal species that were identified from archaeological remains in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 13 were bats. Four of these were megachiropterans, Pteropus vampyrus, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Rousettus sp and Eonycteris spelaea, all of which remain extant species in Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia.
The provisional list of mammals of Borneo are listed below. There are various conflicts in the taxonomic lists by previous authors, which need further field research for validation.

Taxonomic list

The following list gives the scientific name followed by the common names, description, ecology, conservation and distribution information.

Order: Erinaceomorpha

Echinosorex gymnura, moonrat. Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.Hylomys dorsalis, Bornean short-tailed gymnure. Restricted to Bornean mountains.

Order: Soricomorpha

Suncus murinus, house shrew. Africa, Asia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.Suncus ater, black shrew. Endemic to Borneo; known only from Gunung KinabaluSuncus etruscus, Savi's pigmy shrew. Europe, Africa, Asia; Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak.Crocidura monticola, Sunda shrew. Java, Lombok, Sumba and Flores; Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.Crocidura fuliginosa, south-east Asia white-toothed shrew. India, Indochina, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.Chimarrogale himalayica, Himalayan water shrew. Himalaya, south China, Southeast Asia, Japan, Sumatra and Sabah.

Order: Scandentia

Ptilocercus lowii, pentail treeshrew.Tupaia glis, common treeshrew.Tupaia splendidula, ruddy treeshrew.Tupaia montana, mountain tree shrew.Tupaia minor, lesser treeshrew.Tupaia gracilis, slender treeshrew.Tupaia picta, painted treeshrew.Tupaia dorsalis, striped treeshrew.Tupaia tana, large treeshrew.Dendrogale melanura, smooth-tailed treeshrew.

Order: Dermoptera

Galeopterus variegatus, Sunda flying lemur

Order: Chiroptera

Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Geoffroy's rousetteRousettus spinalatus, bare-backed rousettePteropus vampyrus, large flying foxPteropus hypomelanus, island flying foxCynopterus brachyotis, lesser short-nosed fruit batCynopterus sphinx, greater short-nosed fruit batCynopterus horsfieldi, Horsfield's fruit batPenthetor lucasi, dusky fruit batMegaerops ecaudatus, tailless fruit batMegaerops wetmorei, white-collared fruit batDyacopterus spadiceus, Dayak fruit batChironax melanocephalus, black-capped fruit batBalionycteris maculata, spotted-winged fruit batAethalops aequalis, grey fruit batEonycteris spelaea, cave nectar batEonycteris major, greater nectar batMacroglossus minimus, long-tongued nectar batEmballonura alecto, greater sheath-tailed batEmballonura monticola, lesser sheath-tailed batSaccolaimus saccolaimus, pouched tomb batTaphozous melanopogon, black-bearded tomb batTaphozous longimanus, long-winged tomb batMegaderma spasma, lesser false vampireNycteris tragata, hollow-faced batRhinolophus borneensis, Bornean horseshoe batRhinolophus pusillus, least horseshoeRhinolophus arcuatus, arcuatus horseshoe batRhinolophus acuminatus, acuminate horseshoe batRhinolophus affinis, intermediate horseshoe batRhinolophus creaghi, Creagh's horseshoe batRhinolophus philippinensis, Philippine horseshoe batRhinolophus trifoliatus, trefoil horseshoe batRhinolophus sedulus, lesser woolly horseshoe batHipposideros ater, dusky roundleaf batHipposideros bicolor, bicolor roundleaf batHipposideros cineraceus, ashy roundleaf batHipposideros dyacorum, Dayak roundleaf batHipposideros doriae, least roundleafHipposideros ridleyi, Ridley's roundleaf batHipposideros cervinus, fawn roundleaf batHipposideros galeritus, Cantor's roundleaf batHipposideros coxi, Cox's roundleaf batHipposideros larvatus, intermediate roundleaf batHipposideros diadema, diadem roundleaf batCoelops robinsoni, lesser tailless roundleaf batMyotis muricola, whiskered myotisMyotis ater, black myotisMyotis montivagus, large brown myotisMyotis siligorensis, small-toothed myotisMyotis ridleyi, Ridley's myotisMyotis horsfieldii, Horsfield's myotisMyotis hasseltii, Hasselt's large-footed myotisMyotis adversus, grey large-footed myotisMyotis macrotarsus, pallid large-footed myotisPipistrellus javanicus, Javan pistrellePipistrellus tenuis, least pipistrellePipistrellus ceylonicus, dark brown pipistrelleHypsugo kitcheneri, red-brown pipistrelleFalsistrellus petersi, wooly pipistrelleArielulus cuprosus, coppery pipistrelleHypsugo imbricatus, brown pipistrelleHypsugo macrotis, big-eared pipistrellePipistrellus vordermanni, white-winged pipistrelleGlischropus tylopus, thick-thumb pipistrellePhiletor brachypterus, narrow-winged brown batHesperoptenus doriae, false serotineHesperoptenus blanfordi, least false serotineHesperoptenus tomesi, Tomes' false serotineTylonycteris robustula, greater bamboo batTylonycteris pachypus, lesser bamboo batScotophilus kuhlii, yellow house batMurina cyclotis, orange tube-nosed batMurina aenea, bronzed tube-nosed batMurina rozendaali, gilded tube-nosed batMurina suilla, lesser tube-nosed batHarpiocephalus harpia, hairy-winged batKerivoula papillosa, papillose woolly batKerivoula hardwickii, Hardwicke's woolly batKerivoula pellucida, clear-winged woolly batKerivoula intermedia, small woolly batKerivoula minuta, least woolly batKerivoula whiteheadi, Whitehead's woolly batKerivoula lenis, lenis woolly batPhoniscus jagorii, frosted groove-toothed batPhoniscus atrox, gilded groove-thoothed batMiniopterus magnater, large bent-winged batMiniopterus schreibersi, common bent-winged batMiniopterus pusillus, small bent-winged batMiniopterus medius, medium bent-winged batMiniopterus australis, lesser bent-winged batCheiromeles torquatus, naked batMops mops, free-tailed batChaerephon plicata, wrinkle-lipped bat

Order: Primates

Nycticebus coucang, Sunda slow lorisTarsius bancanus, Horsfield's tarsierPresbytis hosei, Hose's langurPresbytis rubicunda, maroon langurPresbytis chrysomelas, Sarawak suriliPresbytis frontata, white-fronted langurTrachypithecus cristatus, silvered langurNasalis larvatus, proboscis monkeyMacaca fascicularis, long-tailed macaqueMacaca nemestrina, pig-tailed macaqueHylobates muelleri, Müller's Bornean gibbonHylobates albibarbis, Bornean white-bearded gibbonPongo pygmaeus, Bornean orangutan

Order: Pholidota

Manis javanica, pangolin

Order: Rodentia

Ratufa affinis, giant squirrelCallosciurus prevostii, Prevost's squirrelCallosciurus baluensis, Kinabalu squirrelCallosciurus notatus, plantain squirrelCallosciurus adamsi, ear-spot squirrelCallosciurus orestes, Bornean black-banded squirrelSundasciurus hippurus, horse-tailed squirrelSundasciurus lowii, Low's squirrelSundasciurus tenuis, slender squirrelSundasciurus jentinki, Jentink's squirrelSundasciurus brookei, Brooke's squirrelGlyphotes simus, red-bellied sculptor squirrelLariscus insignis, three-striped ground squirrelLariscus hosei, four-striped ground squirrelDremomys everetti, Bornean mountain ground squirrelRhinosciurus laticaudatus, shrew-faced ground squirrelNannosciurus melanotis, black-eared pigmy squirrelExilisciurus exilis, plain pigmy squirrelExilisciurus whiteheadi, Whitehead's pigmy squirrelRheithrosciurus macrotis, tufted ground squirrelPetaurillus hosei, Hose's pigmy flying squirrelPetaurillus emiliae, lesser pigmy flying squirrelIomys horsfieldii, Horsfield's flying squirrelAeromys tephromelas, black flying squirrelAeromys thomasi, Thomas's flying squirrelPetinomys hageni, Hagen's flying squirrelPetinomys genibarbis, whiskered flying squirrelPetinomys setosus, Temminck's flying squirrelPetinomys vordermanni, Vordermann's flying squirrelHylopetes lepidus, grey-cheeked flying squirrelHylopetes spadiceus, red-cheeked flying squirrelPteromyscus pulverulentus, smoky flying squirrelPetaurista petaurista, red giant flying squirrelPetaurista elegans, spotted giant flying squirrelRattus rattus, house ratRattus tiomanicus, Malaysian field ratRattus argentiventer, ricefield ratRattus baluensis, summit ratRattus exulans, Polynesia ratRattus norvegicus, Norway ratSundamys muelleri, Muller's ratSundamys infraluteus, mountain giant ratNiviventer cremoriventer, dark-tailed ratNiviventer rapit, long-tailed mountain ratMaxomys rajah, brown spiny ratMaxomys surifer, red spiny ratMaxomys alticola, mountain spiny ratMaxomys ochraceiventer, chestnut-bellied spiny ratMaxomys baeodon, small spiny ratMaxomys whiteheadi, Whitehead's ratLeopoldamys sabanus, long-tailed giant ratLenothrix canus, grey tree ratMus musculus castaneus, Asian house ratMus caroli, ricefield mouseChiropodomys gliroides, common pencil-tailed tree-mouseChiropodomys major, large pencil-tailed tree-mouseChiropodomys muroides, grey-bellied pencil-tailed tree-mouseHaeromys margarettae, ranee mouseTrichys fasciculata, long-tailed porcupineHystrix brachyura, common porcupineHystrix crassispinis, thick-spined porcupine

Order: Cetacea

Balaenoptera musculus, blue whaleBalaenoptera physalus, fin whaleBalaenoptera borealis, sei whaleBalaenoptera edeni, Bryde's whaleBalaenoptera acutorostrata, minke whaleMegaptera novaeangliae, humpback whalePhyseter macrocephalus, sperm whaleKogia breviceps, pigmy sperm whaleKogia simus, dwarf sperm whaleZiphius cavirostris, Cuvier's beak whaleMesoplodon sp., beaked whaleOrcaella brevirostris, Irrawaddy dolphinPeponocephala electra, melon-headed whaleFeresa attenuata, pigmy killer whalePseudorca crassidens, false killer whaleOrcinus orca, killer whaleGlobicephala macrorhynchus, short-finned pilot whaleSteno bredanensis, rough-toothed dolphinSousa chinensis, Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphinLagenodelphis hosei, Fraser's dolphinDelphinus delphis, common dolphinTursiops truncatus, bottlenose dolphinGrampus griseus, Risso's dolphinStenella attenuata, spotted dolphinStenella coeruleoalba, striped dolphinStenella longirostris, long-snouted spinner dolphinNeophocaena phocaenoides, finless porpoise

Order: Carnivora

Order: Sirenia

Dugong dugon, dugong

Order: Proboscidea

Elephas maximus borneensis, Borneo elephant

Order: Perissodactyla

  • Bornean rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni. One individual found in eastern Kalimantan in 2016.

Order: Artiodactyla

Sus barbatus, bearded pigTragulus javanicus, lesser mouse-deerTragulus napu, greater mouse-deerMuntiacus atherodes, Bornean yellow muntjacMuntiacus muntjak, red muntjacRusa timorensis, Javan rusaRusa unicolor, sambar deerBos javanicus, banteng or tembadau. Present in Kalimantan, Sabah, and possibly Sarawak; believed extinct in Brunei.

Extinct