Mali (processor)


The Mali and Immortalis series of graphics processing units and multimedia processors are semiconductor intellectual property cores produced by Arm Holdings for licensing in various ASIC designs by Arm partners.
Mali GPUs were developed by Falanx Microsystems A/S, which was a spin-off of a research project from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Arm Holdings acquired Falanx Microsystems A/S on June 23, 2006 and renamed the company to Arm Norway.
It was originally named Malaik, but the team shortened the name to Mali, Serbo-Croatian for "small", which was thought to be fitting for a mobile GPU.
On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Immortalis series of GPUs with hardware-based Ray Tracing support.

Graphics processors

Utgard

In 2005, Falanx announced their Utgard GPU Architecture, the Mali-200 GPU. Arm followed up with the Mali-300, Mali-400, Mali-450, and Mali-470. Utgard was a non-unified GPU.

Midgard

1st generation

On November 10, 2010, Arm announced their Midgard 1st gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T604 and later the Mali-T658 GPU in 2011. Midgard uses a Hierarchical Tiling system.

2nd generation

On August 6, 2012, Arm announced their Midgard 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T678 GPU. Midgard 2nd gen introduced Forward Pixel Kill.

3rd generation

On October 29, 2013, Arm announced their Midgard 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T760 GPU.

4th generation

On October 27, 2014, Arm announced their Midgard 4th gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T860, Mali-T830, Mali-T820. Their flagship Mali-T880 GPU was announced on February 3, 2015. New microarchitectural features include:
  • Up to 16 cores for the Mali-T880, with 256KB – 2MB L2 cache

    Bifrost

1st generation

On May 27, 2016, Arm announced their Bifrost GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G71 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:
  • Unified shaders with quad vectorization
  • Scalar ISA
  • Clauses execution
  • Full cache coherency
  • Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G71, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G71 has 40% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-T880

    2nd generation

On May 29, 2017, Arm announced their Bifrost 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G72 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:
  • Arithmetic optimizations and increased caches
  • Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G72, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G72 has 20% more performance density and 25% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G71

    3rd generation

On May 31, 2018, Arm announced their Bifrost 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G76 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:
  • 8 execution lanes per engine. Doubled pixel and texel throughput
  • Up to 20 cores for the Mali-G76, with 512KB – 4MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G76 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G72

    Valhall

1st generation

On May 27, 2019, Arm announced their Valhall GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G77 GPU, and in October Mali-G57 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:
  • New superscalar engine
  • Simplified scalar ISA
  • New dynamic scheduling
  • Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G77, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G77 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G76

    2nd generation

On May 26, 2020, Arm announced their Valhall 2nd Gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G78. New microarchitectural features include:
  • Asynchronous clock domains
  • New FMA units and increase Tiler throughput
  • Up to 24 cores for the Mali-G78, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm Frame Buffer Compression
  • Arm claims the Mali-G78 has 15% more performance density and 10% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G77

    3rd generation

On May 25, 2021, Arm announced their Valhall 3rd Gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G710, Mali-G510, and Mali-G310 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:
  • Larger shader cores
  • New GPU frontend, Command Stream Frontend replaces the Job Manager
  • Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G710, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
  • Arm claims the Mali-G710 has 20% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G78

    4th generation

On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Valhall 4th Gen GPU Architecture, including the Immortalis-G715, Mali-G715, and Mali-G615 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:
  • Ray Tracing support
  • Variable Rate Shading
  • New Execution Engine, with doubled the FMA block, Matrix Multiply instruction support, and PPA improvements
  • Arm Fixed Rate Compression
  • Arm claims the Immortalis-G715 has 15% more performance & 15% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G710

    5th generation

On May 29, 2023, Arm announced their 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture, including the Immortalis-G720, Mali-G720 and Mali-G620 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:
  • Deferred vertex shading pipeline
  • Arm claims the Immortalis-G720 has 15% more performance and uses up to 40% less memory bandwidth than the Immortalis-G715

    Technical details

Like other embedded IP cores for 3D rendering acceleration, the Mali GPU does not include display controllers driving monitors, in contrast to common desktop video cards. Instead, the Mali ARM core is a pure 3D engine that renders graphics into memory and passes the rendered image over to another core to handle display.
ARM does, however, license display controller SIP cores independently of the Mali 3D accelerator SIP block, e.g. Mali DP500, DP550 and DP650.
ARM also supplies tools to help in authoring OpenGL ES shaders named Mali GPU Shader Development Studio and Mali GPU User Interface Engine.
Display controllers such as the ARM HDLCD display controller are available separately.

Variants

The Mali core grew out of the cores previously produced by Falanx and currently constitute:
Some microarchitectures support cache coherency for the L2 cache with the CPU.
Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression is supported by Mali-T620, T720/T760, T820/T830/T860/T880 and Mali-G series.

Implementations

The Mali GPU variants can be found in the following systems on chips :
VendorSoC nameMali version
AllwinnerAllwinner A1X Mali-400 MP @ 300 MHz
AllwinnerA20, A23, A33, A64, H2, H3, H64, R8, R16, R40, R18Mali-400 MP2 @ 350/350/350/600/600/?/?/?/?/?/? MHz
AllwinnerH5Mali-450 MP4
AllwinnerH6Mali-T720 MP2
AllwinnerH313, H616, H618Mali-G31 MP2
Amlogic8726-M series Mali-400 MP/MP2 @ 250/400 MHz
Amlogic8726-M8 series Mali-450 MP6 @ 600 MHz
Amlogic8726-M8B series Mali-450 MP2 @ 500 MHz
AmlogicS905, S905X/D/LMali-450 MP3 @ 750 MHz
AmlogicS905X2, S905X3, S905Y2, S905D2, S905X4Mali-G31 MP2
AmlogicS905X5Mali-G310 @ 1 GHz
AmlogicS912Mali-T820 MP3 @ 600 MHz
AmlogicS922X, A311DMali-G52 MP4
AmlogicT966Mali-T830 MP2 @ 650 MHz
ARMMorelloMali-G76
AsusTinkerboard, Tinkerboard SMali-T760
Baikal ElectronicsBaikal-MMali-T628 MP8
CSRQuatro 5300 SeriesMali-400 MP
ELVEES Multicore1892VM14YaMali-300
InfoTMiMAP×15Mali-400
InfoTMiMAP×820Mali-400 MP2
InfoTMiMAP×912Mali-400 MP2
GoogleTensorMali-G78 MP20 @ 848 MHz
GoogleTensor G2Mali-G710 MP7 @ 848 MHz
GoogleTensor G3Mali-G715 MP7 @ 890 MHz
GoogleTensor G4Mali-G715 MP7 @ 940 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 620Mali-450 MP4 @ 533 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 650/655/658/659Mali-T830 MP2 @ 900 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 710Mali-G51 MP4 @ 1000 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 810Mali-G52 MP6 @ 820 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 820Mali-G57 MP6 @??? MHz
HiSiliconKirin 910/910TMali-450 MP4 @ 533/700 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 920/925/928Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/600/? MHz
HiSiliconKirin 930/935Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/680 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 950/955Mali-T880 MP4 @ 900 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 960Mali-G71 MP8 @ 1037 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 970Mali-G72 MP12 @ 746 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 980Mali-G76 MP10 @ 720 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 985Mali-G77 MP8 @??? MHz
HiSiliconKirin 990/990 5GMali-G76 MP16 @ 600 MHz
HiSiliconKirin 9000 5G/Kirin 9000E 5GMali-G78 MP24/22 @ 759 MHz
HiSiliconHi3798cv200Mali-T720 @ 450/600 MHz
LeadcoreLC1810, LC1811, LC1813, LC1913Mali-400
LeadcoreLC1860, LC1860C, LC1960Mali-T628 MP2 @ 600 MHz
MediaTekMSD6683Mali-470 MP3
MediaTekMT5595, MT5890Mali-T624 MP3
MediaTekMT5596, MT5891Mali-T860 MP2
MediaTekMT6571, MT6572, MT6572MMali-400 MP1 @ ?/500/400 MHz
MediaTekMT6580Mali-400 MP1 @ 500 MHz
MediaTekMT6582/MT6582MMali-400 MP2 @ 500/416 MHz
MediaTekMT6588, MT6591, MT6592, MT6592M, MT8127Mali-450 MP4 @ 600/700/600/600 MHz
MediaTekMT6735, MT6735M, MT6735PMali-T720 MP2 @ 600/500/400 MHz
MediaTekMT6737, MT6737TMali-T720 MP2 @ 550/600 MHz
MediaTekMT8735Mali-T720 MP2 @ 450 MHz
MediaTekMT6753Mali-T720 MP3 @ 700 MHz
MediaTekMT6732, MT6732M, MT6752, MT6752MMali-T760 MP2 @ 500/500/700/700 MHz
MediaTekMT6750Mali-T860 MP2 @ 520 MHz
MediaTekMT6755 Mali-T860 MP2 @ 700/650/800 MHz
MediaTekMT6757 Mali-T880 MP2 @ 900 MHz/1.0 GHz
MediaTekMT6797 Mali-T880 MP4 @ 780/850/875 MHz
MediaTekMT6763T, MT6758 Mali-G71 MP2 @ 770/950 MHz
MediaTekMT6771 Mali-G72 MP3 @ 800/900 MHz
MediaTekMT6768, MT6769 Mali-G52 MC2 @ 820/950/1000 MHz
MediaTekHelio G91Mali-G52 MC2 @ 1 GHz
MediaTekMT6785 Mali-G76 MC4 @ 720/800/900 MHz
MediaTekMT6781 Mali-G57 MC2 @ 950/1000 MHz
MediaTekMT6833 Mali-G57 MC2 @ 950/1068/950 MHz
MediaTekMT6853 Mali-G57 MC3 @ 850 MHz
MediaTekMT6873 Mali-G57 MC4 @ 650 MHz
MediaTekMT6875, MT6883Z Mali-G57 MC5 @ 900 MHz
MediaTekMT6877/MT6877T Mali-G68 MC4 @ 900 MHz
MediaTekMT6885Z Mali-G77 MC7 @ 695 MHz
MediaTekMT6889 Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz
MediaTekMT6891/MT6893 Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz
MediaTekMT8192 Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @ ??? MHz
MediaTekKompanio 838Mali-G57 MC3
MediaTekMT8195/MT8195T Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @ ??? MHz
MediaTekMT8791 Mali-G68 MP4 GPU @ 900 MHz
MediaTekMT8797 Mali-G77 MP9 @ 850 MHz
MediaTekMT6886 Mali-G610 MC4 @ 1.13 GHz
MediaTekMT6878 Mali-G615 MC2 @ 1.05 GHz
MediaTekMT6895/MT6895Z/MT6896 Mali-G610 MC6 @ 700/860/950 MHz
MediaTekMT6897 Mali-G615 MC6 @ 1400 MHz
MediaTekMT6899 Mali-G720 MC7 @ 1300 MHz
MediaTekMT6983 Mali-G710 MP10 @ 848/950 MHz
MediaTekMT6985 Immortalis-G715 MP11 @ 981/1150 MHz
MediaTekMT6989 Immortalis-G720 MP12 @ 1.3 GHz
MediaTekDimensity 9400Immortalis-G925 MP12
MediaTekMT6993 Mali-G1 Ultra MC12 @ 1716 MHz
NetLogicAu1380, Au1350Mali-200
NufrontNS2816, NS2816MMali-400 MP
NufrontNS115, TL7688, TL7689Mali-400 MP2
NXPi.MX95Mali-G310 MP1
RealtekRTD1294, RTD1295, RTD1296Mali-T820 MP3
RealtekRTD1395Mali-470
RockchipRK2818Mali-200
RockchipRK2926, RK2628, RK3036, RK3229Mali-400 MP @ 400/400/500/600 MHz
RockchipRK3026, RK3126, RK3128Mali-400 MP2 @ 500/600/600 MHz
RockchipRK3066, RK3188, RK3188TMali-400 MP4 @ 266/533/~400 MHz
RockchipRK3288Mali-T760 MP4 @ 600 MHz
RockchipRK3326Mali-G31 MP2
RockchipRK3328Mali-450 MP2
RockchipRK3399Mali-T860 MP4 @ 600 MHz
RockchipRK3566, RK3568Mali-G52 MC1 @ 800 MHz
RockchipRK3576Mali-G52 MC3 @ 1000 MHz
RockchipRK3588Mali-G610 MC4 @ 1000 MHz
SamsungExynos 3 Quad 3470Mali-400 MP4 @ 450 MHz
SamsungExynos 3 Quad 3475Mali-T720 @ 600 MHz
SamsungExynos 4 Dual 4210Mali-400 MP4 @ 266 MHz
SamsungExynos 4 Dual 4212Mali-400 MP4 @ 400 MHz
SamsungExynos 3 Quad 4412/4415Mali-400 MP4 @ 533 MHz
SamsungExynos 5 Dual 5250Mali-T604 MP4 @ 533 MHz
SamsungExynos 5 Hexa 5260Mali-T624 MP4 @ 600 MHz
SamsungExynos 5 Octa 5420/5422Mali-T628 MP6 @ 533 MHz
SamsungExynos 5 Octa 5430/5800Mali-T628 MP6 @ 600 MHz
SamsungExynos 5 Hexa 7872Mali-G71 MP1 @ 1200 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Octa 5433/7410Mali-T760 MP6 @ 700 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Octa 7420Mali-T760 MP8 @ 772 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Quad 7570Mali-T720 MP1 @ 830 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Octa 7578/7580Mali-T720 MP2 @ 668 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Octa 7870Mali-T830 MP1 @ 700 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Octa 7880Mali-T830 MP3 @ 950 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Series 7884AMali-G71 MP2 @ 450 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Series 7884Mali-G71 MP2 @ 676/845 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Series 7885Mali-G71 MP2 @ 1100 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Series 7904Mali-G71 MP2 @ 770 MHz
SamsungExynos 850Mali-G52 MP1 @ 1001 MHz
SamsungExynos 880Mali-G76 MP5 @ 546 MHz
SamsungExynos 8 Octa 8890Mali-T880 MP10 @650 MHz
Mali-T880 MP12 @650 MHz
SamsungExynos 9 Octa 8895Mali-G71 MP20 @ 546 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Series 9609Mali-G72 MP3
SamsungExynos 7 Series 9610Mali-G72 MP3 @ 1053 MHz
SamsungExynos 7 Series 9611Mali-G72 MP3 @ 850 MHz
SamsungExynos 9 Series 9810Mali-G72 MP18 @ 572 MHz
SamsungExynos 9 Series 9820Mali-G76 MP12 @ 702 MHz
SamsungExynos 9 Series 9825Mali-G76 MP12 @ 754 MHz
SamsungExynos 9 Series 980Mali-G76 MP5 @ 728 MHz
SamsungExynos 9 Series 990Mali-G77 MP11 @ 832 MHz
SamsungExynos 1080Mali-G78 MP10 @ 800 MHz
SamsungExynos 1280Mali-G68 MP4 @ 897 MHz
SamsungExynos 1330Mali G68 MP2 @ 949 MHz
SamsungExynos 1380Mali-G68 MP5 @ 949 MHz
SamsungExynos 2100Mali-G78 MP14 @ 854 MHz
SamsungS5P6450 VegaMali-400 MP
Sigma DesignsSMP8750 SeriesMali-400 MP4 @ 350 MHz
Socle-TechLeopard-6Mali-200
SpreadtrumSC68xx, SC57xx, SC77xx, SC8xxx, SC983xMali-400 MP Series
SpreadtrumSC9860, SC9860GVMali-T880 MP4
ST-EricssonNovaThor U9500, U8500, U5500Mali-400 MP
STMicroelectronicsSPEAr1340Mali-200
STMicroelectronicsSTi7108, STiH416Mali-400 MP
TelechipsTCC8803, TCC8902, TCC8900, TCC9201Mali-200
WonderMediaWM8750Mali-200
WonderMediaWM8850, WM8950Mali-400 MP
WonderMediaWM8880, WM8980Mali-400 MP2
WonderMediaWM8860Mali-450
XiaomiSurge S1Mali-T860 MP4 @ 800 MHz
XiaomiSurge S2Mali-G71 MP12 @ 900 MHz
XiaomiXring O1Immortalis-G925 MP16