Makrani dialect

Makrani, or Southern Balochi, is a variety of the Balochi language spoken in the historical region of Makran in Balochistan in Pakistan as well as Iran. Spoken by the Baloch people, and has been significantly influenced by Persian language.
Makrani is the second-most spoken Balochi dialect after Rakhshani in Iranian Balochistan.

Background

After conducting phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and lexical studies, Elfenbein, first divided the Balochi dialects into six branches.

1. Eastern Hill Balochi
2. Rakhshani dialects
3. Saravani
4. Kechi
5. Latuni or Lashari

But after further and more detailed research, he himself proposed another division, based on which the Balochi dialects were:

1. Rakhshani
2. Saravani
3. Lashari
4. Kechi
5. Coastal dialects
6. Eastern Hill Balochi.

Carina Jahani considers the division of Balochi into two main branches, eastern and western, more acceptable. In her opinion, the western branch is itself divided into two sub-branches, Makrani and Rakhshani. The Makrani sub-branch includes the coastal, Kechi and Lashari dialects, and the Rakhshani sub-branch includes the Rakhshani and Saravani dialects.

Western Balochi
*1.Rakhshani
*2.Makrani
Eastern Balochi

In general, after numerous studies, the Balochi language has three main dialects. The main dialect split is between Western, Southern, and Eastern Balochi.
Makrani is the main branch of Southern Balochi.

Dialects

Southern Balochi subdialects include Lashari, Sarbazi, Kechi, Karachi and Coastal dialect. They are spoken in the Makran region, which is why all these dialects are generally called Makrani.
It's Spoken in the southern parts of Balochistan, including coastal areas like Gwadar, Chabahar, and southern Pakistan, Persian Gulf states, expanding up to Iranshahr in Iran and Kech valley and Karachi in Pakistan.
Kechi
Kich region in Balochistan, including Turbat.
Lashari
centered on the village of Lashar, south of Iranshahr where Balochi close to Persian and Baskardi. The Lashari dialect, which is one of the conservative Balochi dialects, is the only dialect that is spoken only in Iran.
Coastal dialects
Including Qasr-e Qand, Nikshahr, Rask and the southern coastal areas of Balochistan from near Bandar Abbas to Karachi Port, including the ports of Chahbahar, Gwadar, Pasni.

Phonology

Vowels

long vowels	â:, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū
Short vowel	â, a, e, i, o, u
Compound vowel	,

	Front	Central	Back
High
High
Mid
Low

It is similar to that of Koroshi dialect spoken in Iran. Nasalization, which is common in Southern Balochi dialects, is phonetically less salient in Koroshi.

Consonant

The consonants /b/ ، /d/ ، /ḍ/ ، /g/ ، /p/ ، /t/ ، /ṭ/ ، /k/ ، /P/ /h/ ،/tʰ/ ،/ṭʰ/ ، /k/ /h/ ،/s/ ،/z/ ،/ʃ/ ،/ȝ/ ،/h/ ،/ʤ/ ، ʧ ،/ʧʰ/ ،/m/ ،/n/ ،/ŋ/ ،/r/ ،/ṛ/ ،/l/ ،/w/ ،/j/ are articulated as alveolar in Southern Balochi.
Nasalization is phonemic in the eastern balochi and that caused by the effect of Indo-Aryan languages, like Sulaimani dialect that has borrowed a few sounds from them.
The consonants /f x ġ/ in the Rakhshani dialect often remain, but in Makrani they become /g/, /k/ or /h/, and /p/, respectively. In addition, /f/ occurs in a few words in Southern Balochi. /x/ in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /ʁ/ in Western Balochi.

Syllable

Makrani dialect, the presence of minimal pairs such as - or - easily shows that each compound vowel can be placed as a single, independent phoneme in the center of a syllable and create new word with semantic distinction.
Southern dialects as in Lashari Balochi the place of stress depends on the weight of the syllable.

Grammar

Makrani dialect uses both head-marking and dependent-marking structures. In this dialect, the verb group can take four types of complements: the noun group, the adjective group, the prepositional group, and the complement clause. The Balochi Makrani dialect uses the adverb of quantity and the prepositional group as descriptors of the core adjective in the adjectival group. The prepositional group is described by adverbs. These adverbs come before the core preposition. The southern balochi has genitive singular -ē and the object is marked with—ānā, -ânā or -ānrā.

Pronouns

Vocabulary

English	Makrani	Rakhshani
Brother	brât	brâs
Child	čokk	zahg
Tonight	enšapi	šapi
Cloud	nôd/hawr	jammar
Pomegranate	hanâr	henâr
Sour	tropš	trošp
Irrigation	dêmâp bayag	âpdâri kanag
Home	dawâr/lôg/kat	ges
Orphan	čôra	hatim
Match	bâkas	sinok
Attack	halma	halma
Rabbit	Hargôšk	kargôšk
Egg	hâmorg	hayk
Small	kasân/Hord	gwanḍ
egg	heyx	haik/hayk
Question	jost	sôj
Owner	hodâbond/mâlsâhob	wâhond
father	pet	pes
fear	torsag	trossag
fiancé	numzâð	deštàr/ještàr
fine	šarr	Jwân/zabr

English	Makrani	Karachi
Home	Lowg	Log
How	Chown	Chon
Going	Rawag	Roag / Raoǵá
Sister	Gwár	Goár
Camel	Hoshter	Oshter
Friend	Sangat	Yár...Aŕŕey yár

Example sentences

English	Makrani	Karachi
I am mahnaz.	مَن مَهناز اں Man Mahnáz án.	مَن مَهناز اں Man Mahnáz áǹ.
Where is he going?	آ کجا روگ انت؟ Á kojá rawag ent?	آ کجا روگا انت؟ Á kojá raoǵá ent?
What are you doing?	تو چی کنگ ئے؟ To chey kanag a?	تو چی کنگا ئے؟ To chei kanaǵá a?
Friend, tell me what is happening?	سنگت، منا به گوش چے بیگ انت؟ Sangat, maná bogowsh che bayag ent?	اِڑے یار، منا به گوش چے بوئگا انت؟ Aŕŕey yár maná bogosh chei buaǵá ent?