Tirhuta calendar


Tirhuta Panchang is a calendar followed by the Maithili community of India and Nepal. This calendar is one of the many Hindu calendars. It is a tropical solar Hindu calendar in which the year begins on the first day of Baishakh month i.e. Mesh Sankranti. Every year, this day falls on 13/14 April of the Gregorian Calendar

Months

Names of Maithili months :Maithili Calendar
No.NamePronunciationColloquialGregorian Months
1वैशाखBaiśākhaबैसाखApril/May
2ज्येष्ठJyeṣṭhaजेठMay/June
3आषाढ़ĀshāḍhaअखारJune/July
4श्रावणŚrāvaṇaसाओनJuly/August
5भाद्रBhādraभादोAugust/September
6आश्विनĀśvinaआसिनSeptember/October
7कार्तिकKārtikaकातिकOctober/November
8मार्गशीर्ष MārgaśīrṣaअगहनNovember/December
9पौषPauṣaपूसDecember/January
10माघMāghaमाघJanuary/February
11फाल्गुनPhālgunaफागुनFebruary/March
12चैत्रChaitraचैतMarch/April

Months and their corresponding season

तिरहुता पञ्चाङ्ग
मास
Month		ऋतु
Season
ज्येष्ठ/Jyeshtha
May–June		ग्रीष्म
Summer
आषाढ़/Asharha
June–July		ग्रीष्म
Summer
श्रावण/Shrabana
July–August		वर्षा
Monsoon
भाद्र/Bhadra
August–September		वर्षा
Monsoon
आश्विन/Ashvina
September–October		शरद
Autumn
कार्तिक/Kartika
October–November		शरद
Autumn
मार्गशीर्ष/Margashirsha
November–December		हेमन्त
Pre-winter
पौष/Pausha
December–January		हेमन्त
Pre-winter
माघ/Magha
January–February		शिशिर
Winter
फाल्गुन/Falguna
February–March		शिशिर
Winter
चैत्र/Chaitra
March–April		वसन्त
Spring
वैशाख/Baishakh
April–May		वसन्त
Spring

Baishakha-Jyeshtha-Asharha

These three months are the summer season in Mithila. Jeth and Asarh are very hot. Baisakh is the month of growing lychee. Jeth and Asarh are the months of growing mangoes.

Shrabana-Bhadra

Mithila receives heavy rainfall during these two months, often resulting in flooding. Farmers wait for the season's first rain so they can sow paddy in their fields. The holy month of Saon is devoted to Lord Shiva. Devotees visit Baidnath Dham in Deoghar to offer gangajal.

Ashvina-Kartika

These two months have moderate weather, and both represent the festive season for Mithila. Navaratra falls in Asin; Diwali and Chhath fall in Katik. Moreover, Katik is the harvesting month for farmers.

Margashirsha-Pausha-Magha

Margashirsha, Pausha and Magh are the winter seasons in Mithila. Out of these three, Pausha and Magh are the extreme winter periods, when the temperature sometimes falls to 5 °C. Makar Sankranti falls in the month of Pausha, and Basant Panchami in Magh.

Falguna-Chaitra

After winter, Falgun and Chaitra are the moderate months. Fagun and Chait again are the harvesting months. Holi falls in Fagun and Chhath falls in Chait. Chaith is the last month of the Maithili calendar.

Days in Maithili calendar

Like, most of the calendars of the world, Maithili calendar also has 7 days in a week, each of 24-hour length. Rabibasar or Sunday is supposed to be the first day of the week.
  • Rabibasar / Sunday : रविवासर
  • Somabasar / Monday : सोमवासर
  • Mangaldin / Tuesday : मंगलवासर
  • Budhbasar / Wednesday: बुधवासर
  • Brihaspatibasar / Thursday : बृहस्पतीवासर
  • Shukrabasar / Friday: शुक्रवासर
  • Shanibasar / Saturday : शनिवासर

Significance

The Maithili calendar is the calendar of Mithila which originated in Mithila region. The Maithili calendar is of great importance for Maithil people in India as well as in Nepal. All auspicious dates as well as the dates of Maithili festivals are set based on the Maithili calendar. It has deep roots in the Hindu religion and Mithila's culture.

Related calendars

The Maithili calendar is related to the Hindu solar calendar, which is itself based on the Surya Siddhanta. The Hindu solar calendar also starts in mid-April, and the first day of the calendar is celebrated as the traditional New Year in the Indian states of Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, and Tripura. Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka also celebrate new year around the same time. This day is also known as Mesha Shankranti.