Lymphocryptovirus


Lymphocryptovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. This genus includes the human-infecting Human gammaherpesvirus 4, as well as viruses that infect both Old World monkeys and New World monkeys. Other names for the Lymphocryptovirus genus include Lymphocryptoviridae and gamma-1 herpesviruses. There are nine species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Species

The genus consists of the following nine species:Lymphocryptovirus callitrichinegamma3, also called Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3Lymphocryptovirus gorillinegamma1, also called Gorilline gammaherpesvirus 1Lymphocryptovirus humangamma4, commonly called Epstein–Barr virusLymphocryptovirus macacinegamma4, also called Macacine gammaherpesvirus 4Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma10, also called Macacine gammaherpesvirus 10Lymphocryptovirus macacinegamma13Lymphocryptovirus paninegamma1, also called Panine gammaherpesvirus 1Lymphocryptovirus papiinegamma1, also called Papiine gammaherpesvirus 1Lymphocryptovirus ponginegamma2, also called ''Pongine gammaherpesvirus 2''

Structure

Viruses in Lymphocryptovirus are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 180kb in length.
GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
LymphocryptovirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding.
Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are zoonosis, bite, contact, and saliva.
GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
LymphocryptovirusHumans; mammalsB-lymphocytesGlycoprotiensBuddingNucleusNucleusSaliva